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Arc is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, developed by Paul Graham and Robert Morris. It is free and open-source software released under the Artistic License 2.0.




History


In 2001, Paul Graham announced that he was working on a new dialect of Lisp named Arc. Over the years since, he has written several essays describing features or goals of the language, and some internal projects at Graham's startup business incubator named Y Combinator have been written in Arc, most notably the Hacker News web forum and news aggregator program. Arc is written in Racket.




Motives


In the essay Being Popular Graham describes a few of his goals for the language. While many of the goals are very general ("Arc should be hackable", "there should be good libraries"), he did give some specifics. For example, he believes it is important for a language to be terse:

It would not be far from the truth to say that a hacker about to write a program decides what language to use, at least subconsciously, based on the total number of characters he'll have to type. If this isn't precisely how hackers think, a language designer would do well to act as if it were.
He also stated that it is better for a language to only implement a small number of axioms, even when that means the language may not have features that large organizations want, such as object-orientation (OO). Further, Graham thinks that OO is not useful as its methods and patterns are just "good design", and he views the language features used to implement OO as partly mistaken. At Arc's introduction in 2008, Graham stated one of its benefits was its brevity.
A controversy among Lisp programmers is whether, and how much, the s-expressions of the language should be complemented by other forms of syntax. Graham thinks that added syntax should be used in situations where pure s-expressions would be overly verbose, saying, "I don't think we should be religiously opposed to introducing syntax into Lisp." Graham also thinks that efficiency problems should be solved by giving the programmer a good profiler.




= Reception

=
When released in 2008, Arc generated mixed reactions, with some calling it simply an extension to Lisp or Scheme and not a programming language in its own right. Others applauded Arc for stripping Lisp down to bare essentials. Shortly after its release, Arc was ported to JavaScript, and was being supported by Schemescript, an integrated development environment (IDE) based on Eclipse.




Examples


Hello world in Arc :

To illustrate Arc's terseness, Graham uses a brief program. It produces a form with one field at the url "/said". When the form is submitted, it leads to a page with a link that says "click here", which then leads to a page with the value of the original input field.




Versions






= Official version

=
The first publicly released version of Arc was made available on 29 January 2008, implemented on Racket (named PLT-Scheme then). The release comes in the form of a .tar archive, containing the Racket source code for Arc. A tutorial and a discussion forum are also available. The forum uses the same program that Hacker News does, and is written in Arc.




= Unofficial versions

=
Due to lack of updates in the official Arc branch, some members of the Arc community started their own repositories with unofficial modifications, extensions, and libraries. One version, Anarki, permitted anyone to submit changes to the project and has a community managed wiki.
Rainbow is an implementation of Arc in Java.
Arcadia is an implementation of Arc in C.
Arc++ is an implementation of Arc in C++.




= Timeline of LISP Dialects

=




References






External links


Official website
Tutorial
Anarki on GitHub

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• Rave (manga)
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• Arc (programming language)
• Timeline of programming languages
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• List of programming languages
• Nim (programming language)
• List of programming languages by type
• Objective-C
• Lisp (programming language)
• Python (programming language)
• Visual programming language

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arc programming language

Daftar Isi

• Arc Programming Language - GitHub Pages
• Arc Programming Language
• Arc: Table of Contents - GitHub Pages
• Arc: The Foundation
• Arc Language Internals: Macros - GitHub Pages
• Arc: HTML operations
• Arc: Macros - GitHub Pages
• Arc: Assignment - GitHub Pages
• Arc: Evaluation
• Arc: Template operations - GitHub Pages

Arc Programming Language - GitHub Pages

Now that you’ve learned the basics of Arc programming, the best way to learn more about the language is to try writing some programs in it. Here’s how to write the hello-world of web apps:

Arc Programming Language

Tries to keep with the spirit and philosophy of Arc. Its version of the tutorial mostly follows Arc 3.2. Has reference documentation that can also be accessed at the REPL.

Arc: Table of Contents - GitHub Pages

Introduction to Arc internals: a look at how Arc is implemented on top of MzScheme. Macros: the internals : examination of the internal implementation of macros and how they are processed. Internals of places and setforms : how assignment, places, and setforms are implemented in …

Arc: The Foundation

Arc includes integers (fixed size and arbitrarily large), floats, fractions, and complex numbers. It also has positive and negative infinities and "Not a Number". Arc supports escapes for hex, decimal, octal, or binary numbers: #x, #d, #o, and #b.

Arc Language Internals: Macros - GitHub Pages

This article describes how the Arc language handles macros internally. It explains the steps of macro processing in Arc, and how macros are translated to Scheme functions. This article doesn't provide useful knowledge of how to use macros; for that, see chapter 7 of On Lisp .

Arc: HTML operations

Arc provides a large number of operations for generating HTML. The basic operations are gentag to generate a standalone tag such as <img>, and tag to generate an open/close tag pair surrounding something. In addition, Arc provides special-purpose functions for …

Arc: Macros - GitHub Pages

Arc's macro system is more similar to Lisp than to Scheme; an Arc macro resembles a function that generates code. Macros in Arc typically use quote and quasiquote to generate the code, and use uniq to generate unique symbols. For details on the internals of …

Arc: Assignment - GitHub Pages

The Arc language features a number of assignment functions to update variables and data structures. Arc also includes the concept of a "place", which specifies the position to be updated. Places are also known as "generalized variables", as …

Arc: Evaluation

Arc provides several syntax innovations beyond Scheme. Square-bracket anonymous functions Anonymous functions on one variable can be created with square brackets; the underscore _ is the variable.

Arc: Template operations - GitHub Pages

One of the data structures provided by Arc is the template abstraction. Templates act somewhat like structure definitions. A template can be instantiated into a table that represents the structure as key-value pairs, where the keys can be considered field names in the structure, and the values are the values of the fields.