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The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the northernmost of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth at about 66° 34' N. Its southern counterpart is the Antarctic Circle.
The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude at which, on the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun does not rise all day, and on the Northern Hemisphere's summer solstice, the Sun does not set. These phenomena are referred to as polar night and midnight sun respectively, and the further north one progresses, the more obvious this becomes. For example, in the Russian port city of Murmansk, three degrees north of the Arctic Circle, the Sun stays below the horizon for 20 days before and after the winter solstice, and above the horizon for 20 days before and after the summer solstice.
The position of the Arctic Circle is not fixed and currently runs 66°33′50.3″ north of the Equator. Its latitude depends on Earth's axial tilt, which fluctuates by a margin of some 2° over a 41,000-year period, due to tidal forces resulting from the orbit of the Moon. Consequently, the Arctic Circle is currently drifting northwards at a speed of about 14.5 m (48 ft) per year.
Etymology
The word arctic comes from the Greek word ἀρκτικός (arktikos: "near the Bear, northern") and that from the word ἄρκτος (arktos: "bear").
Midnight sun and polar night
The Arctic Circle is the southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere at which the centre of the Sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for twenty-four hours; as a result, at least once each year at any location within the Arctic Circle the centre of the Sun is visible at local midnight, and at least once the centre is not visible at local noon.
Directly on the Arctic Circle these events occur, in principle, exactly once per year: at the June and December solstices, respectively. However, because of atmospheric refraction and mirages, and also because the sun appears as a disk and not a point, part of the midnight sun is visible, on the night of the northern summer solstice, at a latitude of about 50 minutes of arc (′) (90 km (56 mi)) south of the Arctic Circle. Similarly, on the day of the northern winter solstice, part of the Sun may be seen up to about 50′ north of the Arctic Circle. That is true at sea level; those limits increase with elevation above sea level, although in mountainous regions there is often no direct view of the true horizon.
Human habitation
The largest communities north of the Arctic Circle are situated in Russia, Norway, and Sweden: Murmansk (population 295,374) and Norilsk (178,018) in Russia; Tromsø (75,638) in Norway, Vorkuta (58,133) in Russia, Bodø (52,357) and Harstad (24,703) in Norway; and Kiruna, Sweden (22,841). Rovaniemi (62,667) in Finland is the largest settlement in the immediate vicinity of the Arctic Circle, lying 6 km (4 mi) south of the line. Salekhard (51,186) in Russia is the only city in the world located directly on the Arctic Circle.
In contrast, the largest North American community north of the Arctic Circle, Sisimiut (Greenland), has approximately 5,600 inhabitants. In the United States, Utqiagvik, Alaska (formerly known as Barrow) is the largest settlement north of the Arctic Circle with about 5,000 inhabitants. The largest such community in Canada is Inuvik in the Northwest Territories, with 3,137 inhabitants.
Geography
The Arctic Circle is roughly 16,000 km (9,900 mi) in circumference. The area north of the Circle is about 20,000,000 km2 (7,700,000 sq mi) and covers roughly 4% of Earth's surface.
The Arctic Circle passes through the Arctic Ocean, the Scandinavian Peninsula, North Asia, Northern America, and Greenland. The land within the Arctic Circle is divided among eight countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States (Alaska), Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut), Denmark (Greenland), and Iceland (where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey).
= Climate
=The climate north of the Arctic Circle is generally cold, but the coastal areas of Norway have a generally mild climate as a result of the Gulf Stream, which makes the ports of northern Norway and northwest Russia ice-free all year long. In the interior, summers can be quite warm, while winters are extremely cold. For example, summer temperatures in Norilsk, Russia will sometimes reach as high as 30 °C (86 °F), while the winter temperatures frequently fall below −50 °C (−58 °F).
= Sites along the Arctic Circle
=Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastwards, the Arctic Circle passes through:
Gallery
See also
References
External links
Terra Incognita: Exploration of the Canadian Arctic—Historical essay about early expeditions to the Canadian Arctic, illustrated with maps, photographs and drawings
Temporal Epoch Calculations ©2006 by James Q. Jacobs Download: Epoch v2009.xls (modify D4)
Useful constants" See: Obliquity of the ecliptic
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Which circle passes through more continents Antarctic or Arctic ...
Dec 4, 2024 · The Arctic Circle crosses land on North America, Europe, and Asia, plusa lot of ice and water.The Arctic Circle passes through more continents than does the Antarctic Circle. The Antarctic Circle ...
What are the Arctic and Antarctic Circles? - Answers
May 21, 2024 · The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. In 2012, it is the parallel of latitude that runs 66° 33′ 44″ (or 66.5622°) north of the Equator.
What is the distance in miles from the Arctic Circle to the
May 26, 2024 · Arctic Circle to the North Pole distances: 1 January 2016, 2616.067 km or 1625.549 miles. 1 January 2017, 2616.074 km or 1625.553 miles. 1 January 2018, 2616.112 km or 1625.577 miles.
Is the Arctic Circle the same as the North Pole? - Answers
May 3, 2024 · The Arctic Circle is slightly less than 3/4 of the way from the equator to the North Pole at a latitude of 66 degrees, 33 minutes, 36 seconds. The Antarctic Circle is the same distance from the ...
Answers about Arctic Circle
The Arctic Circle is a major circle of latitude located at 66.5 degrees north of the equator. It defines the polar region and marks the southernmost point of the polar day and polar night during ...
On which date does the Arctic Circle have twenty-four hours
Sep 1, 2023 · June 21-22 is the summer solstice in the Arctic Circle. During this time, the sun does not set, leading to a phenomenon known as the midnight sun where there is continuous daylight for 24 hours.
Why does the Arctic Circle have 24 hours of daylight? - Answers
June 21-22 is the summer solstice in the Arctic Circle. During this time, the sun does not set, leading to a phenomenon known as the midnight sun where there is continuous daylight for 24 hours.
How many villages are on the Arctic Circle? - Answers
Dec 10, 2022 · About 2 milion people live north of the arctic circle. Most of them live in Russia (1,4 milion) and Scandinavia (0,5 milion), while less than 0,1 milion live in North America and Greenland. The ...
How many miles from the Arctic Circle to Churchill Manitoba?
Sep 1, 2023 · From the Equator (0°) to the Arctic Circle (66 .5°) 66.5 X 69.2 = 4601.8 miles How far is the Arctic Circle from Kotzebue Alaska? The center of Kotzebue is about 24 miles north of the ...
How far is it from Longyearbyen to arctic circle? - Answers
The Arctic circle is (according to Wikipedia) at approximately 66° 33′39″ (but is drifting North). A degree of latitude is approximately 110km of linear distance. So Reykjavik is less than ...