Artikel: Ardisia crenata GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi

• Source: Ardisia crenata

Ardisia crenata is a species of flowering plant in the primrose family, Primulaceae, that is native to East Asia. It is known by a variety of names such as Christmas berry, Australian holly, coral ardisia, coral bush, coralberry, coralberry tree, hen's-eyes, and spiceberry. A. crenata is a compact shrub that reaches 1 metre (3.3 ft), often with a single stem. Leaves are dark green, thick, glossy, and have tightly waved edges The flowers are small, white or reddish, fragrant, and form clusters. The fruit is a glossy, bright red drupe. The seeds are able to germinate under a dense canopy and are dispersed by birds and humans.
This invasive species was introduced to the United States in the early twentieth century as an ornamental species. It was observed to have escaped cultivation in 1982.
Preparations made from the root of Ardisia crenata are used as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.




Description


Christmas berry is an upright perennial shrub that grows 1.5–6 feet (0.46–1.83 m) tall. It maintains a densely-tufted growth pattern and is often multi-trunked. Christmas berry prefers moist soil and germination can occur from pH 4 to pH 10. It does well in temperatures of 25 °C and above. Germination rates are as high as 97.79% after 40 days. Its leaves are simple, alternate and measure up to 8 inches long. They are waxy and dark green with a crenate margin containing small calluses within the ridges. The leaf tips are acuminate and their petioles are 3–10 mm long. They have a central vein with up to 18 pairs of side veins. Flowers are white or pink with yellow anthers and grow in axillary clusters and are very often covered in multiple black spots. Plants begin to bear fruit two years after sprouting. Christmas berry has an abundance of spherical, 1-seeded red berries of about 0.25 inches in diameter that remain on the plant throughout the year. The berry clusters often droop below the glossy foliage. Berries are consumed by birds and, when present, raccoons, and subsequently excreted; seeds can also be distributed by flowing water.
While there are indications the plant may be poisonous to livestock, pets and humans, due to cattle deaths in Florida, there is no scientific confirmation of this.




Invasiveness


Christmas berry is an invasive species in the southeastern United States, escaping captivity in wooded areas of Florida in 1982. The invasive cultivar in this region is originally from Japan. Its cultivation as an ornamental has aided its ability to proliferate throughout the understory of mesic hardwoods. It is now naturalized in hardwood hammocks throughout the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 9, particularly in Florida and Texas. It is classified as a Category I pest by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, meaning that it is interfering with the local plant ecosystem by out-competing native plants and thereby eliminating them, as well as hybridizing with them.
Christmas berry is viewed as an environmental weed in Australia, particularly in its rainforests. It has become naturalized in north-eastern New South Wales. It has also been naturalized in two islands of Hawaii.




Ecological effect


The dense foliage of Christmas berry shades out native seedlings of the understory by decreasing the amount of light reaching the forest floor by as much as 70%. Its prolific berry yield furthers its ability to form monocultures, as other natives are unable to compete reproductively with the yearlong persistence of berries. These monocultures can reach numbers of over 100 plants per square meter. When the mature plants from these stands are removed, juvenile seedlings will take over the space they leave behind. The diversity of native plant species in the presence of this invasive is greatly diminished through lowered germination rates in the face of the thick cover of Christmas berry.




Control






= Biological

=
There has not been a biological control designated for Christmas berry.




= Chemical

=
A 3% solution of glyphosate or triclopyr ester, or 4% triclopyr amine, has been shown effective in management of Christmas berry. However, the effect of glyphosate is non-specific, so the effects of the spray on the environment must be monitored. 2,4-D weakness is also exhibited, with even greater susceptibility during seedling or regrowth stages than during maturity. Triclopyr herbicide is most effective at maturity.
A basal bark application of 18% v/v solution of Remedy or Garlon 4 is an effective suppressant.




= Cultural

=
Thriving ground cover prior to invasion will help slow down seedling colonization.




= Mechanical

=
Mechanical control of Christmas berry is a challenge. Useful methods include hand-pulling in the case of small-scale invasions. This is not a very efficient method due to the difficulty of eliminating all the surrounding berries littering the ground that will soon replace the removed material. Another option is discing, which tills the soil up in hopes of destroying the rhizomes. This must be carefully administered to prevent harm of the surrounding local flora and ensuring that the rhizomes are subdued. Cutting as well as burning prove to be ineffective due to the strongly rhizomatous nature of the plant. If a mechanical method is used to control the plant, the site must be regularly monitored for at least a year in order to ensure elimination of Christmas berry.




Medical uses


The leaves of Ardisia crenata are being investigated as a remedy to stop asthmatic contractions and spasms. The plant contains a medicinal substance known as FR900359 that could treat several diseases, including asthma, hypertension, and uveal melanoma.




In Japanese culture


The plant is called Manryō (万両) in Japanese. Because of the red berries and the word play of its name it is used during Japanese New Year for chabana decoration, normally along with winter jasmine. Other plants used instead because of their similarity are Sarcandra glabra and Ardisia japonica.




Gallery























References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Beluwat
• Ardisia crenata
• Ardisia
• Ardisia japonica
• Crenata
• List of Ardisia species
• Ardisia crispa
• Christmasberry
• Red berry
• List of invasive species in Florida
• Coralberry

Artikel Terkait "ardisia crenata"

Ardisia crenata - Wikipedia

Ardisia crenata is a species of flowering plant in the primrose family, Primulaceae, that is native to East Asia. It is known by a variety of names such as Christmas berry, Australian holly, coral ardisia, coral bush, coralberry, coralberry tree, hen's-eyes, and spiceberry.

Ardisia Crenata - Guide to House Plants

Bright berries adorn this shrub in winter, making Ardisia crenata a delightful houseplant. This compact, upright shrub can grow to 6 ft in its native tropical habitat, but indoors you can expect it to reach about half that height. Slow-growing, it'll take a while to get there.

Ardisia crenata - North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox

Ardisia Species: crenata Family: Primulaceae Uses (Ethnobotany): The root of the plant is used as an ingredient in Chinese medicine. The plant reportedly contains a substance that may treat asthma and hypertension. Life Cycle: Woody Recommended Propagation Strategy: Seed Stem Cutting Country Or Region Of Origin: Northeast India to Japan and ...

How to Plant, Grow, and Care for Ardisia - Epic Gardening

27 Jan 2025 · Ardisia crenata: Christmas berry, spiceberry, or Australian holly, among other names. Although considered invasive in the US, especially in Florida and Texas, it’s still grown as a houseplant. The red berries throughout the late fall and winter months are a great pop of color. This is the most widespread ardisia type in the world.

Ardisia crenata - Plant Finder - Missouri Botanical Garden

Ardisia crenata, commonly known as coralberry, is a compact evergreen shrub that is native to forest understories from Japan to Southeast Asia and northern India. It typically grows to 4-5' tall and as wide.

Coral Berry - Ardisia Crenata - House Plants Expert

21 Agu 2023 · What makes this a great plant is how it flowers during summer and then produces berries, making it a lively and attractive shrub. It’s a slow grower and fairly easy to grow, with the right attention and care.

Ardisia crenata

03 Des 2024 · Coral ardisia has invaded and established in many natural areas across Florida. It can be found in hardwood hammocks, becoming a significant pest. Coral ardisia shades out native seedling and understory plants, preventing their growth and development and disrupting native plant communities.

An ULTIMATE Guide to Coral Berries (Ardisia Crenata)

Coral Berries like bright light away from excessively dark situations. Although an hour or two of direct sunlight in the early morning is accepted, be sure not to fall in the trap of sun-scorch and dehydration. A north, north-east or west-facing window is perfect for goof health.

Coral Berry (Ardisia crenata): Complete Care Guide

Learn how to care for the Coral Berry (Ardisia crenata), a beautiful evergreen shrub known for its glossy leaves and vibrant red berries. Discover tips on watering, light requirements, and more.

NParks | Ardisia crenata - National Parks Board

Its shiny, bright-red fruits signify vigour and vitality, and prosperity: qualities that the Chinese value. This shrub or treelet may be able to tolerate the conditions of roadsides. It is cultivated in gardens and parks for its attractive, shiny, bright-red fruits. <1> Lim, T.K. (2012).