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      Areolar glands, also known as glandulae areolares, Montgomery glands, and tubercula areolae, are 10-15 elevations found on the areola. They are usually arranged in a circle around the nipple, and can be particularly visible when the nipple is erect. Their role is to promote adequate breastfeeding of the infant.
      They are sebaceous glands, which secrete sebum oil that is a free fatty acid onto the skin that lubricates the nipple when breastfeeding, protects the skin, and provides some air tightness between the infant's mouth and the nipple. They also emit odor compounds into the air that attract babies.
      In addition, a study of 121 white mothers found that higher numbers of areolar glands on the breasts (commonly known as AG number) was correlated with infants gaining weight faster and lactation beginning faster.
      A meta-analysis shows that odor compounds emitted from lactating breasts reduced arousal states in active newborns, increases arousal states in sleepy newborns, and causes babies to turn their heads towards the breast, though the source of these effects were not strongly identified. A targeted study of 16 infants based on these observations has shown that these effects can be induced experimentally through a researcher directing a baby with areolar gland scent on a stick. Additionally, areolar gland scents cause these effects more strongly than milk or sebum odors.


      Structure


      Areolar glands are round bumps found in the areola, and sometimes on the nipple.


      = Variation

      =
      The tubercles become more pronounced when the nipple is erect, and during pregnancy. The number of glands can vary greatly, usually averaging from 4 to 28 per breast.


      Function


      Areolar glands make oily secretions (lipoid fluid) that keep the areola and the nipple lubricated and protected.
      Volatile compounds in these secretions may also serve as an olfactory stimulus for newborn appetite.
      Areolar glands, especially during pregnancy and lactation, emit odors that reliably cause newborn babies to face the breast and locate the nipple. Cleaning the breast or otherwise masking these scents makes it harder for newborns to find the nipple, and to get an important first drink of immunoprotective colostrum.
      They can become exposed and raised when the nipple is stimulated. The skin over the surface opening is lubricated and tends to be smoother than the rest of the areola.


      Clinical significance


      Areolar glands may secrete excessive amounts of oil. This is a neutral condition that rarely represents any underlying problem, unlike the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast.


      History


      Areolar glands may also be called glands of Montgomery, or Montgomery tubercles. They are named after Dr. William Fetherstone Montgomery (1797–1859), an Irish obstetrician who first described them in 1837.


      See also


      Nipple
      Cracked nipple
      List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system


      References

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    Areolar gland - Wikipedia

    Areolar glands, also known as glandulae areolares, Montgomery glands, and tubercula areolae, are 10-15 elevations found on the areola. They are usually arranged in a circle around the nipple, and can be particularly visible when the nipple is erect.

    What Are the Bumps on the Areola? - MedicineNet

    The bumps on the areola are known as ‘Montgomery glands’. Montgomery glands are not visible until you are aroused or pregnant. During pregnancy, as breasts increase in size for breastfeeding, the Montgomery glands also swell. They look like small bumps or pimples on the nipple or areola.

    What Should I Do To Clear Up Blocked Montgomery's Glands? - HealthCentral

    May 1, 2024 · Also called Montgomery tubercles or areolar glands, Montgomery glands are a normal part of the nipples in men and women, says Dr. Chen, and usually get larger in response to a change in...

    Montgomery Tubercles: What’s Normal & Signs of a Clog

    Jan 2, 2024 · Montgomery tubercles are tiny sebaceous glands around the areolas that help to keep the nipples moisturized. These small lumps often get bigger during pregnancy, nursing, puberty, menopause, and menstrual periods.

    What You Should Know About Montgomery’s Tubercles - Healthline

    Sep 29, 2018 · Montgomery’s tubercles are sebaceous (oil) glands that appear as small bumps around the dark area of the nipple. Studies have found between 30 and 50 percent of pregnant women notice...

    Breast Anatomy: Areola, Nipple, Milk Ducts & More - Verywell Health

    Oct 5, 2024 · Montgomery glands are small glands that lie just below the surface of the areola and look like small bumps on the skin. Also called areolar glands or Montgomery tubercles, these provide lubrication during breastfeeding and have a scent that attracts the infant to the breast.

    Montgomery Glands: Information, Care, Removal - Parents

    Apr 22, 2024 · Learn what they are, what they do, how to care for them, and when removal might be considered. The Montgomery glands (or Montgomery tubercles) are small glands around the nipples on the areola....

    Montgomery Glands – 7 Interesting Facts To Know - BellyBelly

    Dec 17, 2024 · Montgomery glands (also called tubercles) are small sebaceous glands found around the nipple and areola (the area of pigmented skin around the nipple). Just like other sebaceous glands around the hair follicles on your body, they secrete an oily or waxy substance that helps to lubricate the skin.

    Montgomery glands: What the bumps around your areolas are for

    Feb 15, 2024 · What are Montgomery glands (Montgomery tubercles)? Montgomery glands are small, goosebump-like glands on the areola – the darker skin around the nipples. They're a combination of sebaceous (oil) and milk glands.

    Causes of Clogged Montgomery Glands - Statcare

    Montgomery glands, also known as areolar glands, are small oil-producing glands located around the nipple and areola. These glands play a crucial role in lubricating and protecting the nipple during breastfeeding.