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Ashkali (bahasa Serbia: Ашкалије / Aškalije, bahasa Albania: Ashkali), atau juga disebut Hashkali (bahasa Serbia: Хашкалије / Haškalije, bahasa Albania: Hashkali) adalah etnis yang sebagian besar mendiami Kosovo. Terkadang, mereka dianggap sebagai orang Albania. Sebelum Perang Kosovo, Ashkali terdaftar sebagai orang Albania.
Selama Perang Kosovo, mereka menjadi pengungsi di Albania, Serbia dan Makedonia Utara serta Eropa Barat seperti Jerman dan Prancis. Identitas "Ashkali" diciptakan pada tahun 1999, saat mereka mencoba menunjukkan sikap pro-Albania dan membedakan diri dari orang Romani (Gipsi).




Sejarah


"Ashkali" digolongkan sebagai "etnis baru di Balkan", yang dibentuk pada 1990-an.
Sebelumnya, istilah itu ditujukan pada orang Romani yang hidup menetap di kawasan Albania pada masa Kesultanan Utsmaniyah. Orang Ashkalija berbicara bahasa Albania sebagai bahasa pertama mereka. Ashkalija sering bekerja sebagai pandai besi atau buruh kasar di perkebunan Ottoman. Ashkalija dijumpai terutama di Kosovo timur dan tengah. Mereka mengaku berasal dari Persia, sekarang Iran, pada abad ke-4 SM (Ashkal, Gilan, Iran); Namun, tidak ada bukti ilmiah untuk hal ini. Ada teori lain tentang suku Ashkali yang datang dari Turki di sebuah desa bernama Aşkale (distrik Erzurum di Turki), atau mungkin datang dari wilayah modern Ashkelon (Israel). Namun, beberapa percaya bahwa mereka adalah para pengelana dari India Utara (Romani) yang berasimilasi dengan etnis Albania.
Selama Perang Kosovo, orang Roma di Albania menjadi pengungsi di Albania dan Republik Makedonia. Banyak orang Ashkali yang bertempur untuk Tentara Pembebasan Kosovo. Orang Roma di Albania membentuk etnis Ashkali setelah perang berakhir pada 1999, untuk menunjukkan pendirian mereka yang pro-Albania dan membedakan diri mereka dari orang Roma, yang kerap dituding sebagai pihak pro-Serbia selama perang. Banyak orang Romani Albania yang dikirim ke kamp-kamp pengungsi bersama orang Rom lainnya, yang bahasa dan adat istiadatnya berbeda dari mereka. Sebagai mayoritas orang Romani di Kosovo (atau Albania), banyak pengungsi Ashkali menetap di Serbia dan Montenegro. Partai Ashkali pertama (Partai Demokratik Ashkali Albania di Kosovo) didirikan pada tahun 2000 oleh Sabit Rrahmani, yang mendukung kemerdekaan Kosovo atas nama seluruh rakyat Ashkali.
Di Kosovo, Ashkali bersekutu dengan orang Albania sebelum, selama dan setelah Perang Kosovo. Namun, Ashkali, bersama dengan Gipsi dari Kosovo dilaporkan telah diusir dari daerah tersebut.




Referensi

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Ashkali
• Serbia dan Montenegro
• Pristina
• Orang Serbia Kosovo
• Podujevo
• Al-Karaji
• Antiziganisme
• Distrik Pristina
• Istog
• Leposavić
• Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
• Democratic Ashkali Party of Kosovo
• Ashkali Party for Integration
• Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo
• 2021 Kosovan parliamentary election
• Mitrovica, Kosovo
• Demographics of Kosovo
• New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo
• Romani people in Kosovo
• 2001 Kosovan parliamentary election

41 Ashkali Images, Stock Photos & Vectors | Shutterstock

Category:Ashkali people - Wikimedia Commons

Ashkali

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ashkali

Daftar Isi

• Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians - Wikipedia
• Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians in Kosovo - Minority Rights Group
• Ashkali - Wikipedia
• Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians - Wikiwand
• Ashkali Community – Platform of the Office for Community Affairs
• Post-war Kosovo and its policies towards the Roma, Ashkali, …
• Overview of Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities in Kosovo
• (PDF) History of Ashkali identity - ResearchGate
• Health and Human Rights Journal The Influence of Ethnicity …
• Identity Formation among Minorities in the Balkans: The …

Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians - Wikipedia

Ashkali are predominant in the central and eastern regions of Kosovo: Ferizaj, Fushë Kosova, and Lipjan. Kosovo's Egyptian community is mostly to be found in its western part, in Gjakova , Istog , Peja , and Deçan .

Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians in Kosovo - Minority Rights Group

Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians in Kosovo today are still mired in poverty, lack physical security and freedom of movement. In their makeshift settlements, they lack access to education and public services, including health care, justice, and employment.

Ashkali - Wikipedia

Para Luftës së Kosovës të vitit 1999, populli ashkali u regjistrua si shqiptar. [ 1 ] Gjatë Luftës së Kosovës, ashkalitë e Kosovës u zhvendosën si refugjatë në Shqipëri , Serbi dhe Maqedoni dhe në mbarë Evropën Perëndimore , si Gjermani dhe Francë .

Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians - Wikiwand

The Ashkali, otherwise known as Hashkali and/or Balkan Egyptians, are Albanian-speaking Muslim ethnic cultural minorities, which mainly inhabit Kosovo and south...

Ashkali Community – Platform of the Office for Community Affairs

The Ashkali population is the youngest community in Kosovo. The largest Ashkali communities are located in five municipalities: Ferizaj/Uroševac; FushëKosovë/Kosovo Polje; Lipjan/Lipljan; Prizren/Prizren; and, Shtime/Štimlje.

Post-war Kosovo and its policies towards the Roma, Ashkali, …

Ashkali, and Egyptians have lower life expectancy, less access to jobs, and greater difficulty staying in school and reaching university-level education. Nevertheless, the Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians in Kosovo distinguish themselves in many ways from Roma living in the rest of Europe.

Overview of Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities in Kosovo

Jan 9, 2020 · This publication serves as a comprehensive overview of the life and situation of the Kosovo Roma, Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo Egyptian communities across Kosovo. The Overview covers 24 municipalities where members of the three communities reside in larger numbers.

(PDF) History of Ashkali identity - ResearchGate

Apr 25, 2010 · The Ashkali community leaders “quickly” created their own explanation of their ethno-genesis and history , which are mostly superstitions and folk stories.

Health and Human Rights Journal The Influence of Ethnicity …

Ashkali, and Balkan Egyptian communities, the three ethnic groups are often considered together, although distinct, because of their socioeconomic position and health profiles relative to majority populations in the countries in which they live.9 Roma, Ashkali, and Balkan Egyptians have experienced oppressive disenfranchisement

Identity Formation among Minorities in the Balkans: The …

According to the Egyptians, the Ashkali are pure Egyptians, who, under Albanian pressure or voluntarily because of some specific interests, present themselves as another community.