B (programming language) GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      B is a programming language developed at Bell Labs circa 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
      B was derived from BCPL, and its name may possibly be a contraction of BCPL. Thompson's coworker Dennis Ritchie speculated that the name might be based on Bon, an earlier, but unrelated, programming language that Thompson designed for use on Multics.
      B was designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine-independent applications, such as system and language software. It was a typeless language, with the only data type being the underlying machine's natural memory word format, whatever that might be. Depending on the context, the word was treated either as an integer or a memory address.
      As machines with ASCII processing became common, notably the DEC PDP-11 that arrived at Bell Labs, support for character data stuffed in memory words became important. The typeless nature of the language was seen as a disadvantage, which led Thompson and Ritchie to develop an expanded version of the language supporting new internal and user-defined types, which became the C programming language.


      History


      BCPL semantics with a lot of SMALGOL syntax
      Circa 1969, Ken Thompson and later Dennis Ritchie developed B basing it mainly on the BCPL language Thompson used in the Multics project. B was essentially the BCPL system stripped of any component Thompson felt he could do without in order to make it fit within the memory capacity of the minicomputers of the time. The BCPL to B transition also included changes made to suit Thompson's preferences (mostly along the lines of reducing the number of non-whitespace characters in a typical program). Much of the typical ALGOL-like syntax of BCPL was rather heavily changed in this process. The assignment operator := reverted to the = of Rutishauser's Superplan, and the equality operator = was replaced by ==.
      Thompson added "two-address assignment operators" using x =+ y syntax to add y to x (in C the operator is written +=). This syntax came from Douglas McIlroy's implementation of TMG, in which B's compiler was first implemented (and it came to TMG from ALGOL 68's x +:= y syntax). Thompson went further by inventing the increment and decrement operators (++ and --). Their prefix or postfix position determines whether the value is taken before or after alteration of the operand. This innovation was not in the earliest versions of B. According to Dennis Ritchie, people often assumed that they were created for the auto-increment and auto-decrement address modes of the DEC PDP-11, but this is historically impossible as the machine didn't exist when B was first developed.
      The semicolon version of the for loop was borrowed by Ken Thompson from the work of Stephen Johnson.
      B is typeless, or more precisely has one data type: the computer word. Most operators (e.g. +, -, *, /) treated this as an integer, but others treated it as a memory address to be dereferenced. In many other ways it looked a lot like an early version of C. There are a few library functions, including some that vaguely resemble functions from the standard I/O library in C.
      In Thompson's words: "B and the old old C were very very similar languages except for all the types [in C]".
      Early implementations were for the DEC PDP-7 and PDP-11 minicomputers using early Unix, and Honeywell GE 645 36-bit mainframes running the operating system GCOS. The earliest PDP-7 implementations compiled to threaded code, and Ritchie wrote a compiler using TMG which produced machine code. In 1970 a PDP-11 was acquired and threaded code was used for the port; an assembler, dc, and the B language itself were written in B to bootstrap the computer. An early version of yacc was produced with this PDP-11 configuration. Ritchie took over maintenance during this period.
      The typeless nature of B made sense on the Honeywell, PDP-7 and many older computers, but was a problem on the PDP-11 because it was difficult to elegantly access the character data type that the PDP-11 and most modern computers fully support. Starting in 1971 Ritchie made changes to the language while converting its compiler to produce machine code, most notably adding data typing for variables. During 1971 and 1972 B evolved into "New B" (NB) and then C.
      B is almost extinct, having been superseded by the C language. However, it continues to see use on GCOS mainframes (as of 2014)
      and on certain embedded systems (as of 2000) for a variety of reasons: limited hardware in small systems, extensive libraries, tooling, licensing cost issues, and simply being good enough for the job. The highly influential AberMUD was originally written in B.


      Examples


      The following examples are from the Users' Reference to B by Ken Thompson:


      Notes




      References




      External links


      Manual page for b(1) from Unix First Edition
      The Development of the C Language, Dennis M. Ritchie. Puts B in the context of BCPL and C.
      Users' Reference to B, Ken Thompson. Describes the PDP-11 version.
      The Programming Language B, S. C. Johnson & B. W. Kernighan, Technical Report CS TR 8, Bell Labs (January 1973). The GCOS version on Honeywell equipment.
      B Language Reference Manual, Thinkage Ltd. The production version of the language as used on GCOS, including language and runtime library.

    Kata Kunci Pencarian:

    b programming languageb programming language compilerb programming language pdfb programming language vs cb programming language hello worldb programming language tutorialb programming language full formb programming language syntaxb programming language redditb programming language history
    PROGRAMMING-B

    PROGRAMMING-B

    PROGRAMMING-B

    PROGRAMMING-B

    B Programming Language: A Comprehensive Guide

    B Programming Language: A Comprehensive Guide

    B Programming Language | What is the History and Concept?

    B Programming Language | What is the History and Concept?

    B Programming Language | What is the History and Concept?

    B Programming Language | What is the History and Concept?

    B Programming Language | What is the History and Concept?

    B Programming Language | What is the History and Concept?

    B Programming Language | What is the History and Concept?

    B Programming Language | What is the History and Concept?

    B Programming Language - Glossary

    B Programming Language - Glossary

    B Programming Language - Glossary

    B Programming Language - Glossary

    B Programming Language - programming

    B Programming Language - programming

    B Programming Language - programming

    B Programming Language - programming

    b-language · GitHub Topics · GitHub

    b-language · GitHub Topics · GitHub

    Search Results

    b programming language

    Daftar Isi

    Does anyone have a working B compiler? - Stack Overflow

    Oct 21, 2009 · Runs on Windows, Linux, and OSX (binaries provided; in the spirit of the question it is written in an obscure language), where it produces very poor quality x86-32 assembly. Should be GCC-compatible. It is reconstructed out of the available reference material on B, and almost certainly does not reflect the language as it really was in the 1960s.

    Usage of \b and \r in C - Stack Overflow

    \b will be 0x08 only if 0x08 corresponds to the backspace character in the execution character set (which is true in ASCII and Unicode and other common character sets). If your execution character set is EBCDIC, however, then \b will map to \0x16 (if I can trust the character tables I'm finding online). –

    c - What do \t and \b do? - Stack Overflow

    Dec 28, 2011 · printf("foo\b\tbar\n"); to replace "o" with "\t" and to produce the following output. fo bar (assuming that tab stop occurs every 8 characters). On the contrary I get. foo bar It seems that my shell interprets \b as "move the cursors one …

    Is bash a programming language? - Stack Overflow

    Feb 24, 2015 · There is no perfect definition of what a programming language really is but you can say that every language that is Turing-complete is a programming language in the sense of that every thinkable program can theoretically be written in it (even if it may be awkward to do so and even if it would be horribly slow to run). And Bash is Turing ...

    What is a programming language? - Stack Overflow

    Jun 16, 2012 · A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of human communication.

    Is SQL really a programming language after all? - Stack Overflow

    Apr 15, 2020 · SQL is considered to be a Fourth Generation computer language. The first three are basically: Machine code. Assembly code. Common general-purpose languages, such as C, C++, Java, Python, and so on. So, based on a commonly used definition in computer science it is a programming language.

    How does an interpreter/compiler work - Stack Overflow

    An S -> T translator accepts code expressed in source language S, and translates it to equivalent code expressed in another (target) language T. Examples of translators: Compilers - translates high level code to low level code, e.g. Java -> JVM; Assemblers - translates assembly language code to machine code, e.g. x86as -> x86

    How to resolve this reduce/reduce conflict? - Stack Overflow

    Jun 11, 2019 · I am writing a compiler for the B programming language. The grammar of this language distinguishes lvalues and rvalues syntactically. While translating the grammar into yacc syntax, I stumbled upon a reduce/reduce conflict. Here is …

    Why is C so fast, and why aren't other languages as fast or faster?

    It's not designed as a language to program a big business application. But these design decisions are not bugs in the C language. They are by design, as it allows compilers and library writers to get every bit of performance out of the computer. Here is the spirit of C how the C Rationale document explains it: C code can be non-portable.

    Is the C programming language object-oriented? - Stack Overflow

    May 20, 2017 · Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" – data structures consisting of data fields and methods together with their interactions – to design applications and computer programs. Programming techniques may include features such as data abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, polymorphism, and inheritance.