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    • Al-Malik az-Zahir Ruknuddin Baibars al-Bunduqdari (bahasa Arab: الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري, disingkat Baibars atau Baybars) (lahir tahun 1223 - meninggal dunia 1 Juli 1277) adalah salah satu sultan dari Dinasti Mamluk yang kekuasaannya meliputi Mesir dan Suriah.


    Biografi


    Baibars adalah panglima perang dari dinasti Mamluk ketika pasukannya berhasil mengalahkan Pasukan Salib ke-7 pimpinan Raja Louis IX dari Prancis pada 1250 M, dan juga berhasil mengalahkan pasukan Mongol pimpinan Kitbuqa dalam pertempuran Ain Jalut pada 1260 M. Ia selanjutnya melakukan serangkaian serangan terhadap kerajaan Kristen dimulai dari kerajaan Antiokhia di Suriah yang secara terang-terangan bergabung dengan pasukan Mongol dalam pertempuran Ain Jalut.
    Pada tahun 1263, Baibars menyerang Akka namun belum berhasil merebutnya. Akan tetapi ia berhasil mengalahkan Pasukan Salib dalam beberapa pertempuran (Arsuf, Athlith, Haifa, Safad, Jaffa, Ashkalon, Caesarea), di mana pada setiap kesempatan ia berusaha untuk menawan para Ksatria Templar dan Ksatria Hospitaller.
    Pada tahun 1266, Baibar mengalahkan pasukan Armenia di Sisilia yang merupakan satu-satunya sekutu terkuat dari kerajaan Antiokhia. Pada tahun 1268, Antiokhia berhasil dikepung dan dapat ditaklukkannya pada tanggal 18 Mei.
    Setelah kejatuhan Antiokhia, Pasukan Salib ke-9 pimpinan Raja Edward I dari Inggris bergabung dengan pasukan Mongol untuk melawan pasukan muslim pada tahun 1271, akan tetapi mereka tidak pernah berhasil menduduki wilayah muslim. Kemudian Baibars bertempur melawan pasukan Turki Seljuk di Anatolia.
    Baibars meninggal pada tahun 1277 di Suriah.


    Lihat pula


    Kesultanan Mamluk


    Referensi




    Pranala luar



    Artikel tentang Baibars di Encyclopedia of the Orient Diarsipkan 2017-12-03 di Wayback Machine.
    Baibars di Concise Britannica daring
    Al-Madrassa al-Zahiriyya dan Mausoleum Baybars

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Baybars - Wikipedia

He was one of the commanders of the Muslim forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France. He also led the vanguard of the Mamluk army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, [4] which marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and is considered a turning point in history. [5]

Baybars I - Encyclopedia Britannica

01 Jan 2025 · Baybars I (born 1223, north of the Black Sea—died July 1, 1277, Damascus, Syria) was the most eminent of the Mamlūk sultans of Egypt and Syria, which he ruled from 1260 to 1277. He is noted both for his military campaigns against Mongols and crusaders and for his internal administrative reforms.

From Slave to Sultan: Baibars I - Ancient Origins

15 Jun 2017 · Baibars I (also spelled Baybars) was the fourth Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and is generally considered by historians to be the founder of the Bahri Dynasty. In addition, Baibars extended the frontiers of the Mamluk Sultanate thanks to his successful military campaigns and skillful diplomatic maneuvers.

Slave, Soldier, Lord, and Sovereign: The Story of Baybars

– Baybars in a letter to a crusader leader. By the thirteenth century, military slavery was strongly entrenched as an institution in most of the Muslim world.

Baybars I summary - Encyclopedia Britannica

Baybars I, or Baibars, (born c. 1223, north of the Black Sea—died July 1, 1277, Damascus, Syria), Most eminent sultan of the Mamlūk dynasty. A Kipchak Turk, he was sold as a slave (mamlūk) after a Mongol invasion in the 1240s.

Baybars, Al-Zahir - Encyclopedia.com

Called the "Napoleon of medieval Egypt," al-Zahir Baybars, also known as Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari, or simply Baybars, was the savior of Egypt during the critical years of the thirteenth century when that country faced enemies from both Europe and Asia.

Baibars: Discover The Elusive Figure of Egypt’s Sultan of War

11 Jan 2022 · Baibars, a 13th-century Sultan and Mamluk warrior, played a crucial role in defending Egypt's independence amidst European Crusades and Mongol invasions. Born in the Kipchak Turk regions, he used his military prowess to rise from slavery to the Sultanate.

Al-Zahir Baybars - Encyclopedia.com

Al-Zahir Baybars, or Baybars I, (reigned 1260–1277) was the most prominent of Mamluk Sultans and the real founder of the Mamluk state. He was born in 1223 when the Mongols were attacking central Asia in their westward drive.

Death on the Nile: Murderous Mamluk Baibars as Sultan of Egypt

30 Nov 2022 · Enslaved at an early age, the mamluk Baibars killed his way to Egypt's throne - eventually becoming Sultan himself!

King of the Mamlūks: Al-Zahir Baybars - Egyptian Streets

17 Mei 2022 · Baybars I, also known as al-Zahir Baybars al-Bunduqdārī, is a controversial behemoth in Islamic history. Here was a man who sought to emulate Saladin, who married exalted vision with violence.