bailey castle

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      A bailey or ward in a fortification is a leveled courtyard, typically enclosed by a curtain wall. In particular, a medieval type of European castle is known as a motte-and-bailey. Castles and fortifications may have more than one bailey, and the enclosure wall building material may have been at first in wood, and later transitioned to stone. Their layout depends both on the local topography and the level of fortification technology employed, ranging from simple enclosures to elaborate concentric defences. In addition to the gradual evolution of more complex fortification plans, there are also significant differences in regional traditions of military architecture regarding subdivisions into baileys.


      Upper, lower, middle, inner and outer wards or baileys


      Baileys can be arranged in sequence along a hill (as in a spur castle), giving an upper bailey and lower bailey. They can also be nested one inside the other, as in a concentric castle, giving an outer bailey and inner bailey. Large castles may have two outer baileys; if in line they may form an outer and middle bailey. On the other hand, tower houses lack an enclosed bailey.
      The most important and prestigious buildings, such as the great hall and the keep or bergfried, were usually located in the inner bailey of the castle, sometimes called the central bailey or main bailey. Nonetheless, there are a few castles where the keep is outside the inner bailey, such as Château de Dourdan and Flint Castle. The lower or outer bailey often held less important structures, such as stables, if there was not enough space in the inner bailey.
      Outer baileys could also be largely defensive in function, without significant buildings. In the concentric castles of the military orders, such as Krak des Chevaliers or Belvoir, the inner bailey resembled a cloistered monastery, while the outer bailey was little more than a narrow passage between the concentric enceintes. In general, baileys could have any shape, including irregular or elongated ones, when the walls followed the contour lines of the terrain where the castle was sited. Rectangular shapes are very common (as in castra and quadrangular castles).
      A particularly complex arrangement of baileys can be found at Château Gaillard. There is both a lower bailey separated from the main castle by a deep ditch, and a concentric arrangement inside the main castle with an inner and middle bailey.


      Holy Roman Empire


      In the Germanic castles of the Holy Roman Empire, there is a distinction between a Vorburg and a Kernburg roughly corresponding to lower and upper baileys in English castles. In German-speaking countries, many castles had double curtain walls with a narrow enclosure outside the main walls, acting as a killing ground between them, referred to as a Zwinger (from zwingen 'to force'). The outermost wall was a Zwingermauer or type of low mantlet wall. These were often added at vulnerable points like the gate of a castle or town, but were rarely as fully developed as in the concentric castles in Wales or the Crusader castles.


      Gallery with examples of castle wards





















      See also


      Old Bailey


      References

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    Bailey (castle) - Wikipedia

    A bailey or ward in a fortification is a leveled courtyard, typically enclosed by a curtain wall. In particular, a medieval type of European castle is known as a motte-and-bailey. Castles and fortifications may have more than one bailey, and the enclosure wall building material may have been at first in wood, and later transitioned to stone ...

    Motte-and-bailey castle - Wikipedia

    A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade.

    Motte-and-Bailey Castles: A Fascinating Story You Can't Miss

    Mar 26, 2024 · A motte-and-bailey castle was a Norman fortification consisting of a wooden keep placed on a raised earthwork called a motte, overlooking an enclosed courtyard called the bailey. Originally, these castles were constructed from timber and earth alone; they were cheap and easy to build and didn't require any special design.

    Motte and Bailey Castle - World History Encyclopedia

    May 17, 2018 · The motte and bailey castle was an early form of medieval fortification especially popular with the Normans in northern France and Britain during the 11th century CE.

    Motte-and-bailey castles - Castellogy

    A motte-and-bailey castle is a fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork called a motte, accompanied by an enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade.

    Motte and Bailey Castle: Facts & Information for Kids

    A motte and bailey castle often spelt as motte-and-bailey, is old type of castle and one of the first castles to be built in England. The castle is made up of two parts: The motte is a raised mound of earth which has a wooden or stone building on it, often referred to as a keep.

    Medieval Architecture: What Is a Motte-and-Bailey Castle?

    A Motte-and-Bailey Castle is a type of medieval fortification that was commonly used throughout Europe, particularly during the early medieval period. The design consists of two main elements: a raised earthwork called the motte and an enclosed courtyard known as the bailey.

    Motte-and-bailey castle | military architecture | Britannica

    The earliest distinctive European fortification characteristic of feudal patterns of social organization and warfare was the motte-and-bailey castle, which appeared in the 10th and 11th centuries between the Rhine and Loire rivers and eventually spread to most of western Europe.

    Motte and Bailey Castles - Hisroric European Castles

    Nov 11, 2020 · Essentially, motte-and-bailey castles were made up of a motte, a large earthwork – atop which stood a (usually wooden) keep – and a bailey, a compound beside the motte, containing various buildings and surrounded by some form of wooden fencing.

    Types of Castle: Motte and Bailey Castles

    Motte and Bailey castles were built in Britain, Ireland and France in the 11th and 12th centuries. They were relatively cheap but effective defensive fortification that could repel small attacks.