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      Bailment is a legal relationship in common law, where the owner of personal property ("chattel") transfers physical possession of that property to another, who holds the property for a certain purpose, but retains ownership. The owner who surrenders custody of a property is called the "bailor" and the individual who accepts the property is called a "bailee". The bailee is the person who possesses the personal property in trust for the owner for a set time and for a precise reason and who delivers the property back to the owner when they have accomplished the purpose that was initially intended.


      General


      Bailment is distinguished from a contract of sale or a gift of property, as it only involves the transfer of possession and not its ownership. To create a bailment, the bailee must both intend to possess, and actually physically possess, the bailable chattel for example a car mechanic business when a car has been dropped off for repair. Although a bailment relationship is ordinarily created by contract, there are circumstances where lawful possession by the bailee creates a bailment relationship without an ordinary contract, such as an involuntary bailment. A bailment relationship between the bailor and bailee is generally less formal than a fiduciary relationship.
      In addition, unlike a lease or rental, where ownership remains with the lessor but the lessee is allowed to use the property, the bailee is generally not entitled to the use of the property while it is in his possession. However, a lease of personal property is the same as a bailment for hire, where the bailee gains the right to use the property.
      A common example of bailment is leaving one's car with a valet. Leaving a car in an unattended parking garage, however, is typically a lease or license of a parking space rather than a bailment, as the garage does not take possession of (i.e. exercise dominion or control over) the car. However, bailments arise in many other situations, including terminated leases of property, warehousing (including store-it-yourself), or in carriage of goods.


      = Governing law

      =
      In the United States, bailments are frequently governed by statute. For example, the UCC regulates personal property leases. State bailment for hire statutes may also regulate the rights and duties of parties in the bailment relationship. The Malay States' ordinance of 1950 on contracts stated that:104. In all cases of bailment the bailee is bound to take as much care of the goods bailed to him as a man of ordinary prudence would, under similar circumstances, take of his own goods of the same bulk, quality, and value as the goods bailed.105. The bailee, in the absence of any special contract, is not responsible for the loss, destruction, or deterioration of the thing bailed, if he has taken the amount of care of it described in s 104 of this Ordinance.
      Bailment is a typical common law concept, although similar concepts exist in civil law.


      Purposes


      There are three types of bailments, based on the purpose of the relationship:

      for the benefit of the bailor and bailee
      for the sole benefit of the bailor; and
      for the sole benefit of the bailee.
      Examples
      A bailment for the mutual benefit of the parties is created when there is an exchange of performances between the parties (e.g. a bailment for the repair of an item when the owner is paying to have the repair accomplished).
      A bailor receives the sole benefit from a bailment when a bailee acts gratuitously (e.g. the owner leaves the precious item such as a car or a piece of jewelry in the safekeeping of a trusted friend while the owner is traveling abroad without any agreement to compensate the friend).
      A bailment is created for the sole benefit of the bailee when a bailor acts gratuitously (e.g., the loan of a book to a patron, the bailee, from a library, the bailor).


      Damages


      Plaintiffs will be able to sue for damages based on the duty of care. Often this will be normal tort damages. Plaintiff may elect also to sue for conversion, either in the replevin or trover, although these are generally considered older, common law damages.


      Terms


      Bailment can arise in a number of situations and is often described by the type of relationship that gave rise to the bailment. Two common distinctions are:

      For consideration versus gratuitous. If a person agrees to accept a fee or other good consideration for holding possession of goods, they are generally, although not always, held to a higher standard of care than a person who is doing so without being paid (or receives no benefit). Consider a paid coat-check counter versus a free coat hook by the front door and the respective obligations of the bailee. Some establishments even post signs to the effect that "no bailment" is created by leaving your personal possessions in their care, but local laws may prevent unfair enforcement of such terms (especially attended car parks).
      Fixed-term versus indefinite-term. A bailor who leaves property for a fixed term may be deemed to have abandoned the property if it is not removed at the end of the term, or it may convert to an involuntary bailment for a reasonable time (e.g., abandoned property in a bank safe, eventually escheats to the state, and the treasurer may hold it for some period, awaiting the owner). However, if there is no clear term of bailment agreed upon, the goods cannot be considered abandoned unless the bailee is given notice that the bailor wishes to give up possession of the goods. Frequently, in the case of storage of goods, the bailee also acquires a contractual or statutory right to dispose of the goods to satisfy overdue rent.


      Cases


      Coggs v Bernard (1703)


      References




      See also


      Bail
      Trover
      Replevin

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    Bailment: Definition, How It Works, Types, and When It Ends - Investopedia

    Jun 15, 2024 · A bailment involves the transfer of assets or property from a bailor, who temporarily relinquishes possession but not ownership, to a bailee.

    Bailment - Wikipedia

    Bailment is a legal relationship in common law, where the owner of personal property ("chattel") transfers physical possession of that property to another, who holds the property for a certain purpose, but retains ownership. [1]

    Aug 25, 2015 · The term bailment refers to the transfer of personal property to another person for safekeeping, or for the other person to control or use temporarily. A bailment is a form of contractual relationship, even if no contract has been signed.

    A 'bailment' is defined as a non- ownership transfer of possession . Under English common law , the right to possess a thing is separate and distinct from owning the thing. Interestingly, as a result of this distinction, in some jurisdictions , an owner of an object can steal their own property.

    Bailment Definition | What Is Bailment? | Lawyers.com

    Dec 16, 2022 · Bailment is the process of placing personal property in the temporary custody of another. There are three types of bailment. Read our article to learn more!

    What Is a Bailment? | Bailment Lawyer - LegalMatch

    Jun 26, 2023 · A bailment is a legal arrangement in which one party, the bailor, temporarily transfers possession, but not ownership, of personal property to another party, the bailee, for a specific purpose, under an agreement or understanding.

    Bailment: Meaning and Introduction - iPleaders Blog

    Oct 31, 2024 · Section 148 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines bailment as the delivery of goods from bailor to bailee for a specified purpose and an understanding that once the purpose of bailment is fulfilled, it shall be returned to the real owner. Ideally, every contract of …

    Bailment Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    The meaning of BAILMENT is the act of bailing a person or personal property.

    What is Bailment? definition, characteritics, examples and …

    Definition: In basic terms, bailment implies the “change in possession” or “to hand over”. As per Contract Act, bailment can be understood as the transaction wherein delivery of any item by an individual (bailor) to another individual (bailee) takes place with a …

    BAILMENT - The Law Dictionary

    Find the legal definition of BAILMENT from Black's Law Dictionary, 2nd Edition. A delivery of goods or personal property, by one person to another, in trust for the execution of a special object upon or in relation to such goods,...