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The biscione (English: "big grass snake"), less commonly known also as the vipera, is in heraldry a charge consisting of a divine serpent in the act of giving birth to a child. It is a historic symbol of the city of Milan, used by companies based in the city.
History
Etymologically, word biscione is a masculine augmentative of Italian feminine biscia "grass snake" (corrupted from bistia, ultimately from Latin bestia "beast").
The charge became associated with the city after the Visconti family gained control over Milan 1277; Bonvesin da la Riva records it in his De magnalibus urbis Mediolani (On the Marvels of the City of Milan) as a Visconti symbol no later than the end of the 13th century. The symbol may have been derived from a bronzed serpent brought to Milan from Constantinople by Arnolf II of Arsago (Archbishop of Milan 998–1018) in the 11th century.
One of the oldest depictions of the Biscione is in the Great Hall of the Visconti Castle of Angera. The hall was painted at the end of the 13th century with frescoes celebrating Archbishop Ottone Visconti's victory against the rival family of the Della Torre. The viper swallowing a small human figure is depicted in the pendentives of the hall.
The biscione remained associated with the Duchy of Milan even after the Visconti line died out in the 15th century. The House of Sforza incorporated the symbol into their armorial after taking the duchy.
A Renaissance Milanese writer described the insignia of the Duke of Milan in 1531:
Contemporary use
As a symbol of Milan, the biscione is used by multiple organizations associated with or based in the city. Football club Inter Milan is commonly represented by a biscione, and the team's 2010–11 and 2021–22 away shirts prominently featured the symbol. Milan-based auto manufacturer Alfa Romeo (also known as the Casa del Biscione, Italian for "House of the Biscione" or "Biscione['s] marque") includes a biscione in its logo impaled with a red cross on white (derived from the flag of Milan), as does espresso machine manufacturer Bezzera. The late Italian media mogul and former Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi, who was born and raised in Milan, used stylized biscione symbols in the logos for his companies Mediaset and Fininvest (with the child replaced by a flower); his residential zones Milano Due and Milano Tre and the Mediaset-owned television channel Canale 5 also use biscione-inspired imagery.
Outside Milan, a similar design is found in the seals of the Hungarian nobleman Nicholas I Garai, palatine to the King of Hungary (1375–1385). Here the crowned snake devours a sovereign's orb, rather than a human. The arms of the towns of Sanok in Poland and Pruzhany in Belarus also feature the symbol, honoring the marriage of Bona Sforza to Sigismund I of Poland while both towns were part of Poland–Lithuania.
Similar symbols
Comparable to the biscione are some depictions of the Hindu deity Matsya. While his form is referred to as anthropomorphically having a humanoid upper half, and his lower half as that of a fish, some depictions show him with his upper body emerging from the mouth of a fish. In early Christian art of the catacombs, the Old Testament prophet Jonah is depicted as a man being swallowed by a serpent-like Leviathan, a sea creature of Hebrew myth.
Coats of arms, flags and symbols bearing the biscione
Following the historical-dynastic events linked to the Visconti and Sforza families, the biscione appears as part of the municipal coat of arms also of cities and municipalities in Central-Eastern Europe:
Bavaria: Dachau
Belorussia: Pruzhany (City and District)
Poland: Gmina Dłutów and Sanok
Historically, it appeared in the coats of arms of the following states:
Lordship of Milan
Duchy of Milan
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
See also
Flag of Milan
Guivre
History of Milan
Basilisk
Leviathan
Ouroboros
Symbols of Milan
Gallery
Notes
References
= Sources
=Dunlop, Anne (2009). Painted Palaces: The Rise of Secular Art in Early Renaissance Italy. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 9780271048307. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
Reina, Gabriele (2018). Le imprese araldiche dei Visconti e degli Sforza (1277-1535): Storia, storia dell'arte, repertorio [The heraldic achievements of the Visconti and the Sforza (1277-1535): History, artistic change, and inventory] (PDF) (in Italian). Lausanne: Université de Lausanne, Faculté des lettres, Section d'histoire de l'art. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
Further reading
Scaricamazza, Dario (2023) (in Italian), Il Biscione dei Visconti. La Lipsanoteca di Brescia e l'invenzione araldica, Milano, Preprint.
External links
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
Biscione - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
Il Biscione
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