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      Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition, first published in 1983, again in 2000 and a third edition in 2020, is a book written by the scholar Cedric Robinson. Influenced by many African-American and Black economists and radical thinkers of the 19th century, Robinson creates a historical-critical analysis of Marxism and the Eurocentric tradition from which it evolved. The book does not build from nor reiterate Marxist thought, but rather introduces racial analysis to the Marxist tradition.


      Synopsis


      Black Marxism is separated into three parts, the first being, “The Emergence and Limitations of European Radicalism;” the second, “The Roots of Black Radicalism;” and the third, “Black Radicalism and Marxist Theory.” Through these sections, Robinson critiques Marxism and its reliance on determinism. The primary theories which result from Black Marxism are racial capitalism and the Black radical tradition.
      The book begins by introducing the theory of racial capitalism, the process of deriving social and economic value from the racial identity of another person. Robinson develops this term to correct what he thinks led Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to mistakenly believe that European bourgeois society would rationalize social relations. Robinson says that “As a material force… racialism would inevitably permeate the social structures emergent from capitalism. I have used the term ‘racial capitalism’ to refer ... to the subsequent structure as a historical agency.” He argues that all capitalism is structured by ‘racialism’ and produces inequalities among groups. Thus, all capitalism should be recognized as racial capitalism.
      In addition to theorizing on racial capitalism, Black Marxism aims to elucidate the Black radical tradition of the past, present, and future. Robinson recounts several acts of resistance, from seventeenth-century maroon communities in the Americas to twentieth-century national liberation struggles, looking to scholars W. E. B. Du Bois, Walter Rodney and C. L. R. James to exemplify the tradition.


      Publication


      Black Marxism was first published in 1983 by Zed Books. It was republished in 2000 by the University of North Carolina Press, with an introduction provided by Robin D. G. Kelley. Black Marxism’s second edition received both praise and criticism from within the American political left. A third edition was published in 2020, again by University of North Carolina Press with a new preface by Damien Sojoyner and Tiffany Willoughby-Herard and a new foreword by Robin D. G. Kelley.


      Legacy


      Several writers have demonstrated and written about Black Marxism's relevance for 21st-century issues.
      The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement grounds its structural analysis of Black oppression in racial capitalism. Specifically, the organization Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) names racial capitalism in its 2020 policy platform, "A Vision for Black Lives". Scholars find it noteworthy that BLM continues to reach back to Black Marxism, suggesting that the book's theories have great significance for black radical movements of the past and present. Moreover, contemporary radical scholars champion Black Marxism for the extent to which it argues the link between contemporary anti-Black violence and historical structures of oppression.
      The publication of Black Marxism has directed the agenda of Africana studies, as well as influenced the definition of radicalism in Black scholarship. The Black radical tradition provides a rich resource for future challenges of Africana studies and it acts as a bridge, helping academics to “understand the conceptual vocabulary used by ... activist-intellectuals who research and teach about the relationship between race and class … [and] to identify the concepts needed to transform the conditions under which the radical tradition now operates."


      References

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    Black Marxism After 40 Years - International Centre on Racism

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    Black Marxism - Wikipedia

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    Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition: Cedric J ...

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    Black Marxism by Cedric J. Robinson, Robin D.G. Kelley - foreword ...

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    How Did Marxism Become Marxism? | The Nation

    Searching for traces of Marxism in Africa – DW – 05/04/2018

    Searching for traces of Marxism in Africa – DW – 05/04/2018

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    black marxism

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    Black Marxism - Wikipedia

    Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition, first published in 1983, again in 2000 and a third edition in 2020, is a book written by the scholar Cedric Robinson. Influenced by many African-American and Black economists and radical thinkers of the 19th century, Robinson creates a historical-critical analysis of Marxism and the ...

    Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition

    Sep 18, 2020 · In this ambitious work, first published in 1983, Cedric Robinson demonstrates that efforts to understand black people's history of resistance solely through the prism of Marxist theory are incomplete and inaccurate.

    Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition

    Jan 24, 2000 · Robinson examines the writings of three profound Black political thinkers, W.E.B. Du Bois, C.R.L. James and Richard Wright and finds that in each case the thinker, though deeply influenced by Marxism, ultimately found it inadequate and in need of being complemented by the Black radical tradition.

    Black Marxism, Revised and Updated Third Edition

    In this ambitious work, first published in 1983, Cedric Robinson demonstrates that efforts to understand Black people's history of resistance solely through the prism of Marxist theory are incomplete and inaccurate.

    Black Marxism, Revised and Updated Third Edition: The Making …

    Because for all of its illuminating... This study attempts to map the historical and intellectual contours of the encounter of Marxism and Black radicalism, two programs for revolutionary change.

    Black Marxism, Revised and Updated Third Edition: The Making …

    Feb 1, 2021 · Where European Marxism focused primarily on class conflict within industrial capitalism, Black radical thinkers recognized that racial oppression was fundamental to how capitalism developed globally through colonialism and slavery.

    cedric robinson - black marxism : Free Download, Borrow, and …

    Jun 21, 2020 · Through Cedric J. Robinson's archeological dig we can see how black intellectuals have probed “classical” Marxism and its failures: its economic reductionism; its simplistic understanding of peasant politics; its misunderstanding of the role of racism in the development and trajectory of the capitalist world system; and its dismissal of ...

    Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition

    This book is worth reading if you want a Black radical critique of Marxism, a wide-spanning history of rebellious movements in the African diaspora, and a history of how three central Black radical figures evolved out of orthodox Marxism to further the Black radical tradition.

    Black Marxism : The Making of the Black Radical Tradition

    Oct 12, 2005 · In this ambitious work, first published in 1983, Cedric Robinson demonstrates that efforts to understand black people's history of resistance solely through the prism of Marxist theory are...

    Black Marxism, Revised and Updated Third Edition - Project MUSE

    In this ambitious work, first published in 1983, Cedric Robinson demonstrates that efforts to understand Black people’s history of resistance solely through the prism of Marxist theory are incomplete and inaccurate.