8.068
7.5
6.889
6.8
6.261
7.2
6.6
5.9
7.201
7.501
6.913
7.385
6.523
4.6
6.36
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Black Tot Day (31 July 1970) was the last day on which the Royal Navy issued sailors with a daily rum ration (the daily tot).
History
= 17th century
=
In the 17th century, the daily drink ration for English sailors was a gallon of beer (about four litres), although frequently small beer was used with an alcohol content below 1%. Due to the difficulty in storing the large quantities of liquid that this required, in 1655 a half pint (284 ml) of rum was made equivalent and became preferred to beer. Over time, drunkenness on board naval vessels increasingly became a problem and the ration was formalised in naval regulations by Admiral Edward Vernon in 1740 and ordered to be mixed with water in a 4:1 water to rum ratio and split into two servings per day.
= 19th century
=
In the 19th century, there was a change in the attitude towards alcohol due to continued discipline problems in the navy. In 1824 the size of the tot was halved to one-quarter of an imperial pint (142 ml) in an effort to improve the situation. In 1850, the Admiralty's Grog Committee, convened to look into the problems associated with the rum ration, recommended that it be eliminated completely. However, rather than ending it the navy further halved it to one-eighth of an imperial pint (71 ml) per day, eliminating the evening serving of the ration. This led to the ending of the ration for officers in 1881 and warrant officers in 1918.
= 20th century
=
On 17 December 1969 the Admiralty Board issued a written answer to a question from the MP for Woolwich East, Christopher Mayhew, saying "The Admiralty Board concludes that the rum issue is no longer compatible with the high standards of efficiency required now that the individual's tasks in ships are concerned with complex, and often delicate, machinery and systems on the correct functioning of which people's lives may depend". This led to a debate in the House of Commons on the evening of 28 January 1970, now referred to as the "Great Rum Debate", started by James Wellbeloved, MP for Erith and Crayford, who believed that the ration should not be removed. The debate lasted an hour and 15 minutes and closed at 10:29 p.m. with a decision that the rum ration was no longer appropriate.
31 July 1970 was the final day of the rum ration and it was poured as usual at 6 bells in the forenoon watch (11am) after the pipe of "up spirits". Some sailors wore black armbands, tots were "buried at sea" and in one navy training camp, HMS Collingwood, the Royal Naval Electrical College at Fareham in Hampshire, there was a mock funeral procession complete with black coffin and accompanying drummers and piper. The move was not popular with the ratings despite an extra can of beer being added to the daily rations in compensation.
The Portsmouth General Post Office issued a special cancellation reading "Last Issue of Rum to the Royal Navy 31 July 1970". The cancellation appeared on a philatelic cover with reading "Last Day of Issue", a play of words on the typical first day of issue postal covers.
Black Tot Day was subsequently followed in two other Commonwealth navies (the Royal Australian Navy having already discontinued the rum ration, in 1921):
31 March 1972 was the final day of the rum ration in the Royal Canadian Navy.
28 February 1990 was the final day of the rum ration in the Royal New Zealand Navy.
See also
Grog
Rum ration
References
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Black Tot Day Photos – Pusser's Rum
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Daftar Isi
Black Tot Day - Wikipedia
Black Tot Day (31 July 1970) was the last day on which the Royal Navy issued sailors with a daily rum ration (the daily tot). In the 17th century, the daily drink ration for English sailors was a gallon of beer (about four litres), although frequently small beer …
Rum ration - Wikipedia
The last rum ration was on 31 July 1970 and became known as Black Tot Day as sailors were unhappy about the loss of the rum ration. There were reports that the day involved sailors throwing tots into the sea and the staging of a mock funeral in a training camp. [2]
What Is Black Tot Day and Why Celebrate It? – Pusser's Rum
So, what's Black Tot Day? It marks the exact date, July 31, 1970, when the Royal Navy's daily rum ration stopped and the final tot was served onboard Royal Navy ships. To show their disappointment, some Royal Navy sailors wore black armbands.
Black Tot Days Around the World
You may know of the British Navy's infamous 'Black Tot Day' on 31st July, 1970 - the day of their very last rum ration. But did other countries' naval forces have rum rations also? And if so, when did they cease? Click through to find out.
The Rum Ration – The End of the Tot - Navy Records Society
Known as ‘Black Tot Day’, the 31st July 1970 marked the end of the daily rum issue in the Royal Navy, ending hundreds of years of tradition. As we remember this day 50 years on, it is worth taking the opportunity to share a few memories of this event from those who were involved in one way or another.
Black Tot Day: The end of the rum ration - Forces News
Jul 29, 2024 · What is Black Tot Day? The commemorative day is a salute to the historic practice of issuing sailors with a daily tot of rum. Black Tot Day became an annual tradition when, in 1970, the centuries-old custom was ended as part of a modernisation of the Royal Navy.
Black Tot Day – The Rumosphere
On July 31, 1970 the British Royal Navy became the official party pooper of the seas. Turned off the music, turned on all the lights and called last call. This is the day that will live in infamy—Black Tot Day. This was the official end of the sailors’ beloved rum ration.
Black Tot Day: When the rum ration expires - The Rum Lab
Sep 11, 2024 · Explore the story behind Black Tot Day, an annual celebration marking the termination of the Royal Navy's centuries-old rum ration tradition.
Reasons Why the Royal Navy Bribed Sailors With Booze
Jul 31, 2017 · Black Tot Day was the final day of a centuries-long tradition. On July 31, 1970, British sailors lined up to receive their final rum ration.
Black Tot Day - Learn the History of Rum Rationing and Navy Rum
Jul 31, 2023 · Can you imagine manning a ship under the influence of 10 ounces of navy strength rum? Well, the Admiralty Board couldn’t either, and ended the rum tot on what is now called Black Tot Day. Keep reading to learn about navy rum, as well as the history of rum rationing and how it led to Black Tot Day.
