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Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (9 Maret 1943 – 18 Januari 2008) adalah pemain catur kelahiran Amerika Serikat yang pada akhir hayat bertempat tinggal dan menjadi warga negara Islandia. Ia adalah satu-satunya pecatur kelahiran AS yang pernah menjadi Juara Catur Dunia (1972–1975). Fischer juga dikenal karena sentimen anti-Amerikanya, anti-imperialisme, dan anti-Semitisme, meskipun ia sendiri beretnis Yahudi.
Karier
Ia dikenal sebagai salah seorang tokoh era Perang Dingin karena ia berhasil mengalahkan pemain catur Uni Soviet Boris Spassky pada tahun 1972 yang waktu itu adalah sang juara dunia. Kemenangannya dalam beberapa permainan melawan Boris Spassky di Reykjavik waktu itu menobatkannya sebagai warga Amerika Serikat pertama dan satu-satunya yang menjadi juara dunia.
Pada tahun 1975, Bobby menolak untuk mempertahankan gelarnya karena FIDE tidak meluluskan persyaratan-persyaratannya. akhirnya ia menanggalkan gelar sebagai juara dunia. Setelah itu Bobby menjadi sangat tertutup, ia tidak pernah mengikuti kompetisi catur sampai tahun 1992 ia mengadakan tanding ulang dengan Spassky. Pertandingan ini dilangsungkan di Yugoslavia, yang saat itu berada dalam embargo PBB. Tindakan Bobby ini menimbulkan perselisihan dengan Pemerintah Amerika Serikat, dan semenjak itu ia tidak pernah kembali ke negara kelahirannya tersebut.
Kontroversi
Pada akhir kehidupannya, Bobby tinggal di Hungaria, Jerman, Filipina dan Jepang. Pada masa-masa tersebut ia menjadi semakin paranoid, dan kerap memberikan komentar anti-semit dan anti-Amerika. Pada tahun 2004-2005, setelah paspor Amerikanya dibekukan, ia di bawah pengawasan pemerintah Jepang selama 9 bulan, dengan ancaman ekstradisi ke Amerika Serikat. Pemerintah Islandia memberikan kewarganegaraan kepadanya. Ia akhirnya tinggal di Islandia dari tahun 2005 sampai akhir hayatnya. Bobby Fischer meninggal dunia pada tanggal 18 Januari 2008 di sebuah rumah sakit di Reykjavik, Islandia pada usia 64 tahun.
Pranala luar
(Inggris) Cold War icon Fischer passes away - CNN Website (http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/01/18/fischer.dies.ap/index.html Diarsipkan 2008-01-21 di Wayback Machine.), diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2008.
(Inggris) 65 posisi penting dari permainan Fischer
(Inggris) Rincian permainan-permainan catur Fischer
(Jerman) Berita kematiannya
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Bobby Fischer - Wikipedia
Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943 – January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion. A chess prodigy, he won his first of a record eight US Championships at the age of 14. In 1964, he won with an 11–0 score, the only perfect score in the history of the tournament.
Bobby Fischer - Chess, IQ & Death - Biography
Apr 2, 2014 · Bobby Fischer was a record-setting chess master who became the youngest player to win the U.S. Chess Championship at 14, and the first American-born player to win the World Chess...
Bobby Fischer, The Tortured Chess Genius Who Died In Obscurity
Jul 3, 2022 · The first and only American to become a World Chess Champion, Bobby Fischer revolutionized the game before vanishing from the public eye. Even though he was Jewish himself, Fischer idolized Adolf Hitler and openly denied the Holocaust.
Bobby Fischer - Bio & Stats | Top Chess Players
Jan 17, 2008 · Bobby Fischer is the first and only American world chess champion in history. Many consider him to be among the greatest chess players of all time, as well as the most famous. Fischer sparked an entire generation of chess players, especially in …
Bobby Fischer | Biography & Facts | Britannica
Jan 13, 2025 · Bobby Fischer, American-born chess master who became the youngest grandmaster in history when he received the title in 1958. His youthful intemperance and brilliant playing drew the attention of the American public to the game of chess, particularly when he won the world championship in 1972.
Bobby Fischer dies at 64; reclusive genius of the chess board
Jan 19, 2008 · Bobby Fischer, the enigmatic American chess genius who became a Cold War hero with his 1972 defeat of Soviet champion Boris Spassky but fell from grace in later decades when he became a...
The Tragic Downfall of Bobby Fischer - Chess.com
Apr 15, 2024 · What happened to Bobby Fischer? Now that we looked over Fischer's childhood and career, let's look at why he went insane. One of the obvious factors of his fall was the pressure put on him by the US and the Soviet Union.
Bobby Fischer, Troubled Genius of Chess, Dies at 64
Jan 19, 2008 · Bobby Fischer, the Chicago-born, Brooklyn-bred genius who became one of the greatest chess players the world has ever seen, died on Thursday in Reykjavik, Iceland. He was 64.
Bobby Fischer - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (March 9, 1943 – January 17, 2008) was an American chess Grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion. As a teenager, Fischer became well-known worldwide because of his skill at chess. He won the American championship of 1963/64, winning all eleven of his games.
Biography of Bobby Fischer - Chess.com
May 24, 2007 · The unknown player answered all of Short's questions about chess in the 1960s and knew all the answers to several Bobby Fischer trivia questions (who did Fischer play in round 3 of the 1967 Sousse interzonal, how many moves, and what was the opening).