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      The brazen bull, also known as the bronze bull, Sicilian bull, Bellowing bull or bull of Phalaris, was a torture and execution device designed in ancient Greece. According to Diodorus Siculus, recounting the story in Bibliotheca historica, Perilaus (Περίλαος) (or Perillus (Πέριλλος)) of Athens invented and proposed it to Phalaris, the tyrant of Akragas, Sicily, as a new means of execution. The bull was said to have been hollow, and made entirely of bronze, with a door in one side. Allegedly, the condemned were locked inside the device (with their head aligned within the bull's head), and a fire was set beneath it, heating the metal to the extent that the person within slowly roasted to death. The bull was equipped with an internal acoustic apparatus that converted the screams of the dying into what sounded like the bellows of a bull. The bull's design was such that steam from the cooking flesh of the condemned exited the bull's nostrils; this effect—along with the bull's "bellows"—created the illusion that the bull came to life during every execution. Pindar, who lived less than a century later, expressly associates this instrument of torture with the name of the tyrant Phalaris. The truth about the Brazen Bull is difficult to verify, and it may have been created for intimidation rather than actual use.


      Creation of the brazen bull for Phalaris



      The head of the bull was purportedly designed with a system of tubes and stops so that the prisoner's screams were converted into sounds like the bellowing of an infuriated bull. Phalaris is said to have commanded that the bull be designed in such a way that its smoke rose in spicy clouds of incense. According to legend, when the bull was reopened after a body was charred, the victim's scorched bones then "shone like jewels and were made into bracelets."
      Stories allege after finishing construction on the execution device, Perilaus said to Phalaris: "His screams will come to you through the pipes as the tenderest, most pathetic, most melodious of bellowings." Perilaus believed he would receive a reward for his invention. Instead, Phalaris, who was disgusted by these words, ordered its horn sound system to be tested by Perilaus himself, tricking him into getting in the bull. When Perilaus entered, he was immediately locked in and the fire was set, so that Phalaris could hear the sound of Perilaus' screams. Before Perilaus could die, Phalaris ordered him removed from the bull. After freeing him from the bull, Phalaris is then said to have had Perilaus thrown to his death from atop a high cliff. Phalaris himself is claimed to have been killed in the brazen bull when he was overthrown by Telemachus, the ancestor of Theron.


      Persecution of early Christians


      Christian sources have claimed that Romans used this torture device to kill some Christians, notably Saint Eustace, who, according to Christian tradition, was roasted in a brazen bull with his wife and children by Emperor Hadrian. The same happened to Saint Antipas, Bishop of Pergamum during the persecutions of Emperor Domitian and the first martyr in Asia Minor, who was roasted to death in a brazen bull in 92 AD. The device is claimed to have still been in use two centuries later, when by some legends, another Christian, Pelagia of Tarsus, is said to have been burned in one in 287 AD by the Emperor Diocletian.


      See also


      Iron maiden
      Moloch
      Torture chamber
      Wicker man


      References


      Notes

      Bibliography


      External links


      Media related to Bronze Bull at Wikimedia Commons

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    Brazen bull - Wikipedia

    The brazen bull, also known as the bronze bull, Sicilian bull, Bellowing bull or bull of Phalaris, was a torture and execution device designed in ancient Greece. [1]

    The Brazen Bull May Have Been History's Worst Torture Device

    Mar 6, 2024 · The Brazen Bull, also known as the Bronze Bull, was a brutal torture and execution device allegedly used in ancient Greece. Created in the 6th century B.C.E., it was designed to be a particularly gruesome method of capital punishment.

    Medieval Torture Devices: The Brazen Bull - History & Pictures

    The Brazen Bull, also known as the Sicilian Bull, was a torture device used in ancient Greece, though it’s often associated with medieval times due to its notorious reputation. It was designed in the form of a hollow bronze bull, with a door on one side.

    The Brazen Bull: A Cruel Instrument of Ancient ... - The …

    Jul 13, 2023 · The Brazen Bull, also known as the Sicilian Bull or the Bronze Bull, is one of the most brutal, terrifying, and well-documented torture devices from antiquity. Crafted in the socio-political crucible of Ancient Greece, the Brazen Bull was designed as a testament to human ingenuity in the creation of new forms of cruelty and punishment.

    8 Jaw-dropping Facts about the "Brazen Bull" - Greece High …

    Nov 11, 2020 · The brazen bull, bronze bull, or Sicilian bull, was allegedly a torture and execution device designed in ancient Greece. According to Diodorus Siculus, recounting the story in Bibliotheca historica, Perillos of Athens invented and proposed it to Phalaris, the tyrant of Akragas, Sicily, as a new means of executing criminals.

    Brazen Bull: The Worst Punishment In Human History

    Nov 4, 2022 · The brazen bull, also known as the bronze bull, Sicilian bull, or bull of Phalaris, was a torture and execution device designed in ancient Greece. According to Diodorus Siculus, recounting the story in Bibliotheca historica, Perilaus (or Perillus) of Athens invented and proposed it to Phalaris, the tyrant of Akragas, Sicily, as a new means of ...

    Brazen Bull: Gruesome Ancient Greek Torture Device

    Apr 26, 2017 · The Brazen Bull (known also as the ‘Bull of Phalaris’, the ‘Bronze Bull’ or the ‘Sicilian Bull’) was a type of ancient torture and execution device from ancient Greece.

    The Brazen Bull: One of History’s Most Notorious Punishments

    Jan 27, 2023 · The brazen bull was a horrifying torture device that originated in ancient Greece. It was essentially a hollow metal sculpture of a bull, with an entrance at the top for the victim’s head. Supposedly, the victim would be locked inside and burned to death.

    Brazen Bull: The ancient Greek torture death machine

    Oct 8, 2019 · The brazen bull, bronze bull, or Sicilian bull, was allegedly a torture and execution device designed in ancient Greece.

    The Brazen Bull ( Torture ) - Medieval Times

    The brazen bull is an executionary device first invented in Ancient Greece. Its inventor, Perillos of Athens, proposed to Phalaris; a tyrant, the need of a more painful way to kill criminals. This was done hoping to disuade the poor population from committing any more crimes.