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      Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.


      History


      Carpenter Gothic houses and small churches became common in North America in the late nineteenth century. Additionally during this time, Protestant followers were building many Carpenter Gothic churches throughout the midwest, northeast, and some areas in the south of the US. This style is a part of the Gothic Revival movement. For example. these structures adapted Gothic elements, such as pointed arches, steep gables, and towers, to traditional American light-frame construction. The invention of the scroll saw and mass-produced wood moldings allowed a few of these structures to mimic the florid fenestration of the High Gothic. But in most cases, Carpenter Gothic buildings were relatively unadorned, retaining only the basic elements of pointed-arch windows and steep gables. Probably the best known example of Carpenter Gothic is the house in Eldon, Iowa, that Grant Wood used for the background of his famous painting American Gothic.


      Characteristics


      Carpenter Gothic is largely confined to small domestic buildings and outbuildings and small churches. It is characterized by its profusion of jig-sawn details, whose craftsmen-designers were freed to experiment with elaborate forms by the invention of the steam-powered scroll saw. A common but not necessary feature is board and batten siding. Other common features include decorative bargeboards, gingerbread trim, pointed-arched windows, wheel window, one-story veranda, and steep central gable. A less common feature is buttressing, especially on churches and larger houses. Exterior elements like pointed arches made their way inside the homes as well. This can be seen in pointed arch openings and doorways.


      Ornamental use


      Being a part of the Gothic Revival, the ornamentation in Carpenter Gothic is much more eclectic, it uses more superficial and obvious motifs. Specifically, Carpenter Gothic ornamentation, referred to as gingerbread, is not limited to use on wooden structures but has been used on other structures especially Gothic Revival brick houses such as the Warren House in a historic district in Newburgh, New York, which is said to epitomize the work of Andrew Jackson Downing, but was actually done by his one-time partner, Calvert Vaux. Ornamentation can be seen in the interior as well. Many elements in the interiors were highly crafted such as staircases, walls, ceilings, and fireplaces. Examples of this ornament use include wainscoting, ceiling beams or coffered ceilings, and ornate wallpapers. Gothic style furniture was also used.


      Geographic extent


      Carpenter Gothic structures are typically found in most states of the United States, except Arizona and New Mexico. There is one Carpenter Gothic in the Huning Highlands Historical District in downtown Albuquerque circa 1882 built by the Seth family who lived there until 2002. Many Carpenter Gothic houses were built in Nevada in the 1860–1870s (Virginia City, Reno, Carson City, and Carson Valley areas) and still exist (2010). Although this style was most common in northern America, nowhere else had built as many churches as in Florida between 1870 and 1900. In Canada, carpenter Gothic places of worship are found in all provinces and the Northwest Territories, while Carpenter Gothic houses seem to be limited to Ontario, Quebec and the Maritime Provinces.


      Endangered Carpenter Gothic buildings


      Many American Carpenter Gothic structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, which may help to ensure their preservation. Many, though, are not listed and those in urban areas are endangered by the increased value of the land they occupy.
      A current example of this is St. Saviour's Episcopal Church, Maspeth, New York, built in 1847 by Richard Upjohn. It was sold to a developer in 2006. Its rectory had already been demolished and a deal with the City of New York to preserve the church in exchange for higher density on the remaining vacant land fell through and the parcel went on the market for $10 million.
      After a number of postponements, in March 2008, just hours before the final deadline to demolish the church, a deal was struck with a local community group, whereby they were allowed time to raise money to move the structure. At a cost of some $2 million, the building was reduced to its original appearance and dismantled into pieces, so it could be transported through the narrow, winding streets of the neighborhood. It was reconstructed on the grounds of a cemetery in the nearby neighborhood of Middle Village, where it is now used for community activities.


      "American Gothic"


      "American Gothic" is a painting by Grant Wood from 1930. It depicts American rural life with its subject being a "stern" looking father and his daughter in front of a small Carpenter Gothic style house. Wood's inspiration came from a cottage designed in the Carpenter Gothic style with a distinctive upper window and a decision by the artist to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house."


      Steamboat Gothic



      Steamboat Gothic architecture, a term popularized by Frances Parkinson Keyes's novel of that name, is sometimes confused with Carpenter Gothic architecture, but Steamboat Gothic usually refers to large houses in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys that were designed to resemble the steamboats on those rivers.


      Recent examples


      St. Luke's Church in Blue Ridge, Georgia, was built in 1995. Houses and churches are sometimes built in the Carpenter Gothic style into the 21st Century.


      Outside North America




















      Many nineteenth-century timber Gothic Revival structures were built in Australia, and in New Zealand – such as Frederick Thatcher's Old St. Paul's, Wellington, and Benjamin Mountfort's St Mary's, but the term "Carpenter's Gothic" is not often used, and many of their architects also built in stone.


      Gallery




      = Churches, synagogues, etc.

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      = Houses

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      Plain





























      Ornate

















































      = Ornamental use

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      See also



      American Gothic
      Andrew Jackson Downing
      Gothic Revival
      Gingerbread (architecture)
      Rural Ontario Architecture
      Harmony School, School District No. 53 in rural Otoe County, Nebraska is an example of a Carpenter Gothic one-room schoolhouse.
      Springside
      Stick style
      Structure relocation
      United Hebrews of Ocala, a Carpenter Gothic synagogue
      Richard Upjohn
      Wedding Cake House (Kennebunkport, Maine). Called the "most photographed building in Maine," it is an example of Carpenter Gothic remodeling of a frame building originally built in another style of architecture.


      References




      External links



      Carpenter Gothic houses Archived 2007-11-14 at the Wayback Machine
      Bargeboards or vergeboards Archived 2008-01-16 at the Wayback Machine
      Gothic Revival and Carpenter Gothic in Buffalo
      The serious side of Carpenter Gothic: Richard Upjohn and St. Saviour's Church, Maspeth, Queens, New York Archived 2017-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
      Website of the C.G. House used by Grant Wood
      Village of Round Lake, New York
      Essential Architecture: Carpenter Gothic[usurped]

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    Carpenter Gothic - Wikipedia

    Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters.

    Carpenter Gothic | Victorian, Revival, Gothic | Britannica

    Carpenter Gothic is an eclectic and naive use of the most superficial and obvious motifs of Gothic decoration. Turrets, spires, and pointed arches were applied, in many instances with abandon, and there was usually no logical relationship of ornamentation to the structure of the house.

    The History and Application of the Carpenter Gothic Style

    Apr 7, 2023 · The Carpenter Gothic style is truly one of American innovation. It’s a modern twist on a classic style and proves that American builders of the late 19th century were really able to make the most of their skill sets and the materials available to them at the time.

    Carpenter Gothic: The style of wooden house seen in the famous …

    Jun 8, 2017 · Carpenter Gothic, also known as Rural Gothic, is a style of architecture that developed in North America in the mid-19th century. Wooden houses, decorated with motifs of Gothic Revival detail, make up the trend, which hasn’t died out even today.

    The Carpenter Gothic House - The Beautiful Home

    Sep 8, 2022 · Carpenter Gothic is an American domestic architectural approximation of the international Gothic Revival. Thin, inexpensive, often decorated with turnings, the Carpenter Gothic can be strictly Puritan or prettily libertine.

    Carpenter Gothic | History Colorado

    Carpenter Gothic - The Carpenter Gothic applies the Gothic Revival style to wood-framed and sided buildings. The picturesque and decorative style is evident on both churches and houses.

    Board-n-Batten Siding: Carpenter’s Gothic Architecture

    Apr 28, 2020 · One notable subset was Carpenter Gothic (because it translated medieval stonework into wood), a more practical and easily executed approach to the older stone style. The Delaware &Hudson Railroad’s original depot at Cambridge, Washington County, NY, is a classic example of Gothic.

    What is Carpenter Gothic Architecture? - Spiegato

    Carpenter Gothic architecture rose to prominence in the United States during the mid-nineteenth century. Carpenter Gothic houses can be found in many parts of the country, and some of them are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, indicating their cultural significance.

    Carpenter Gothic architecture: Its history, care, and repair

    Carpenter Gothic was an offshoot of Gothic Revival, a style popularized in Great Britain that eventually made its way to the United States. This brief examines the history and defining characteristics of Carpenter Gothic style and offers maintenance and repair strategies to assist in preservation efforts.

    Catskill, NY - Old House Dreams

    Oct 10, 2023 · Carpenter Gothic in the strongest sense of the word, this four bed two bath house has a dramatic Oval theme that just wont quit. Fantastic solid wooden doors with giant ovals carved into them. Voluptuous sculptural wooden stair rail with solid wooden ovals.