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Cashel Man is a bog body from a bog near Cashel in County Laois, Ireland. He was found on 10 August 2011 by Bord na Móna employee Jason Phelan from Abbeyleix. The body was a young adult male, around 20–25, who had been intentionally covered with peat after death. The crouched figure was recovered after being damaged by a milling machine in 2011. The head and left arm were presumed destroyed by the peat harvester until later recovered.
Radiocarbon dating places the man as having died around 2000 BC, making him one of the oldest bog bodies in Europe.
Position at discovery
Cashel Man was found lying on his right side with his legs tightly flexed. The body was in the middle of the bog, oriented north-to-south with his head pointing south. There was not much other information available because the head, neck and left arm were all removed from the body by the peat harvester. Mandible, teeth, ribs, clavicle, vertebra, skin, and hair were all recovered within the milled peat from the harvester.
Examination
Cashel Man had once lived in what was a flourishing community. The legs were found to be protruding from the skin of the corpse, in addition to being exceptionally well preserved. The remaining part of the body inside of the bag-like skin was not as well preserved. The stomach of the man had long since decomposed, which made analyzing his last meal impossible. The body parts that had been disturbed by the milling machine were later recovered, including part of the head, which had closely cut hair. The body was later moved to the National Museum of Ireland for examination. The man was believed to have been buried with his arms holding his legs, his knees bent toward his chest.
Death
The man had a pre-mortem broken arm, caused by a strike with a sharp object. It could have also been a slightly blunter object, like a primitive axe. His back was broken in two places (believed to have happened after his death), and there was a cut on his back, possibly inflicted by the peat harvester.
The body was accompanied by wooden stakes, suggesting ritual sacrifice. The wound on the man's arm may have been a defensive wound. The man may have once been the king of his region, and was sacrificed due to poor harvests, as a king was believed to have been responsible for such things. Like Old Croghan Man and Clonycavan Man, he was buried near a hill that may have been used for kingship initiation.
= Possibility of sacrifice
=
It is a commonly stated theory that the death of Cashel Man was related to a ritualistic killing tied to a kingship or territorial expansion designation. While there is no outright evidence of this, there are a few key indicators of this possibility. A common finding among bog bodies is their proximity to known kingship inaugural sites, usually in a lower valley area under the hillside of where the kings took on their position. The bodies of sacrificed kings were often placed in pools near the boundaries of their territories. The only well-understood indicator for these specific sacrifice traditions is the proximity of bodies to other significant events/areas, making this theory difficult to prove or disprove.[5]
Nobility sacrifice ritual in Ireland
One of the largest indicators of the possibility of the Cashel Man having been the victim of a sacrifice is the known history of nobility sacrifices. When a king within Ireland had particularly troublesome issues with things like a bad harvest, drought, or sickness they were the ones within the community who were held responsible. When a king would be found to be at fault for enough hardships of their people they would be ritualistically killed in the process of the inauguration ceremony of the new King.
Preservation
The body is one of the oldest preserved bog bodies in the world and is also the oldest known preserved body with the flesh still intact. Peat bogs can be one of the best natural forms of preservation of all organic materials, including human bodies and items. The process that protects the contents from decomposition is caused by an anaerobic function of the lower levels of peat bogs. Anaerobic means the composition is lacking in free oxygen; this combined with the naturally high acid levels from the slowly decomposed plant material is a perfect natural solution for preservation. The slightly higher acid concentration along with a low oxygen content is inhospitable to the bacteria and organisms that cause decomposition; this naturally tans (via the same process used in leathermaking) the skin of any human or animal that is buried within it. This leads to organic materials being well preserved for thousands of years and is how Cashel Man can have perfectly intact skin and hair.
See also
List of bog bodies
References
Sources
Kelly, Eamonn (2012). "The bog body from Cashel Bog, Co. Laois". Ossory, Laois and Leinster. 5.
Kelly, Eamonn (2011). "New Find Supports Kingship and Sovereignty Theory: Bog Body from Cashel Bog". Archaeology Ireland. 25 (3): 4–6. ISSN 0790-892X.
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Cashel Man - Wikipedia
Cashel Man is a bog body from a bog near Cashel in County Laois, Ireland. He was found on 10 August 2011 [1] by Bord na Móna employee Jason Phelan from Abbeyleix. The body was a young adult male, around 20–25, [2] who had been intentionally covered with peat after death.
Cashel Man - Ireland's Oldest Bog Body - National Museum of Ireland
Although skeletonised human remains of greater antiquity have been found in bogs, such as a 5000 year old skeleton from Stonyisland Bog, Co Galway, the body of Cashel Man is the oldest fleshed bog body to have been found anywhere.
The Cashel Man - Bog Bodies of Ireland - Ancient Irish History
The Cashel Man is a bog body discovered in Ireland in August 2011. He is the oldest fleshed bog body to have been found anywhere and yields a radiocarbon date of BC 2141-1960. The Cashel Man met a violent death and may have been sacrificed as part of a ritual.
World's oldest bog body hints at violent past - BBC News
Sep 24, 2013 · Experts say that the remains of Cashel Man are extremely well preserved for his age. Radiocarbon dating suggests that he is the earliest bog body with intact skin known anywhere in the world.
Oldest 'Bog Body' Found with Skin Intact | Live Science
Aug 19, 2013 · A resident of central Ireland's County Laois came across the well-preserved "Cashel Man" — named for the bog he was found in — while milling for peat moss, which is used for a variety of...
He's 4,000 years old -- but 'bog body' looks pretty good for his age
Aug 19, 2013 · Cashel Man, discovered in central Ireland, is thought to have been a young king who was ritualistically sacrificed. Ossory, Laois, and Leinster. Archaeologists have unearthed the remains of a...
Cashel Man. A recent discovery of a Bog Body in Co. Laois. By …
Jun 25, 2019 · A bog body was unearthed during peat milling at Cashel bog between Portlaoise and Abbeyleix by Jason Phelan, a Bord Na Mona worker. After over two years of analysis, it was revealed that the body was in fact over 4000 years old …
4,000-year-old ‘bog body’ found with skin intact due to perfect ...
Aug 23, 2013 · “Cashel Man”, the “bog body” found in a County Laois bog was so perfectly preserved by Ireland’s bog peat that his skin is intact.
Update: Cashel bog body is oldest in the world - The History Blog
Aug 12, 2013 · When the remains of an adult male were discovered in a bog near Cashel in County Laois, Ireland, by peat miller Jason Phelan in 2011, initial examination of the body suggested it was from the Iron Age, around 2,000 or 2,500 years old.
Among these mysteries is the Cashel Man, an exceptional archaeological find that offers a rare insight into Bronze Age life and beliefs in Ireland. Discovered in an Irish peat bog, his body was naturally mummified thanks to the exceptional biotope in which it lay.
