christian reformed church in north america

      Christian Reformed Church in North America GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      The Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA or CRC) is a Protestant Calvinist Christian denomination in the United States and Canada. Having roots in the Dutch Reformed Church of the Netherlands, the Christian Reformed Church was founded by Dutch immigrants in 1857 and is theologically Calvinist.


      History



      The Christian Reformed Church (CRC) split from the Reformed Church in America (then known as the Dutch Reformed Church) in an 1857 secession. This was rooted in part as a result of a theological dispute that originated in the Netherlands in which Hendrik De Cock was deposed for his Calvinist convictions, leading there to the Secession of 1834–35. For the CRC founders in America, the RCA then appeared to contain problems similar to those that they had seen in the State Church in the old country. Gijsbert Haan (January 3, 1801 – July 27, 1874) was the leader in the 1857 Secession of Dutch-Americans from the Reformed Church in America and the creator of the Christian Reformed Church in the United States and Canada.
      In 1857, four churches with about 130 families (about 10 percent of the Dutch immigrant church members in West Michigan at the time) seceded. In March, the Noordeloos church of the Classis of Holland, Michigan, left the Reformed Church in America. On March 19, some members of Second Reformed Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan, organized a church that became First CRC, Grand Rapids, Michigan. On April 8, churches in Graafschap and Polkton also left the Classis of Holland. Two ministers, Koene van den Bosch and Hendrik Klijn, joined the separatists, although Klijn returned to the Reformed Church six months later.
      The new denomination that formed from this secession was led by elders and ministers from the churches in the northern Netherlands, especially from the province of Groningen, that had organized after the 1834 secession in the Netherlands, although members of the new denomination came from all parts of the Netherlands. The reasons given for leaving the Reformed Church were the use of hymns (versus Exclusive psalmody) during worship, allowing free access to communion, lax interpretation of grace, permitting membership in Freemasonry, and failure to provide catechetical instruction to young people.
      For the two years, the denomination had no corporate name. In 1859, Holland Reformed Church (Hollandsche Gereformeerde Kerk) was adopted, which was changed to Free Dutch Reformed Church (no record of a Dutch translation) in 1861. Two years later, True Dutch Reformed Church (Ware Hollandsche Gereformeerde Kerk) was approved, which was changed to Holland Christian Reformed Church (Hollandsche Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerk) in 1880. In 1894 congregations also could use Christian Reformed Church (Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerk) as well. The full adoption of Christian Reformed Church came in 1904, which became Christian Reformed Church in North America in 1974.
      In 1875, the denomination opened a theological school in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The Preparatory Department of the school became Calvin College, while the Theological Department became Calvin Theological Seminary. By 1880 the denomination had grown to 42 congregations. Ten years later the number had grown to 100 located in 11 states. During the 1890s congregations from the True Protestant Dutch Reformed Church (located in New York and New Jersey) joined the CRC. During the 20th century a number of congregations from the disbanding German Reformed Churches also joined the CRC.
      By 1920, the denomination had grown to 350 congregations. At that time an estimated 350,000 Dutch immigrants had come to the United States, some of whom were in the Dutch Reformed tradition that since the 1880s was influenced by Abraham Kuyper, a Dutch Neo-Calvinist theologian, journalist, and statesman (he served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands, 1901-1905). He founded the Gereformeerde Kerken, a newspaper, the Free University of Amsterdam, and the Anti-Revolutionary Political Party.
      During the early 1920s, the CRC adopted three doctrinal points regarding common grace. Three ministers, Herman Hoeksema, George Ophoff, and Henry Danhof were deposed for rejecting three points as being contrary to the Reformed confessions. The dispute led to the three ministers and their followers leaving the CRC and forming what is now the Protestant Reformed Churches in America.
      After the Second World War, a new wave of Dutch Calvinist immigration occurred to Canada, most of which were Kuyperian. By 1960, half of the denomination's new congregations (138 of 288) were in Canada.
      In the early 1950s, a division within the Protestant Reformed Churches in America led to about three fifths of its members forming the Orthodox Protestant Reformed Church, which joined the CRC in 1961.


      Ecumenical partnerships


      In 1975 the CRC joined the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC), Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod (RPCES) and the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) in forming the North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council (NAPARC).
      In the last decades of the 20th century, the Synod enacted innovations that were rejected by some of its more conservative members and one-time sister denominations. Out of concern about the state of affairs in the CRC, a group of ministers formed the Mid-America Reformed Seminary in 1981, and around the same time a federation of churches known as the Orthodox Christian Reformed Churches (OCRC), comprising some former CRC congregations, was formed. The 1995 decision to ordain women led to the formation of the United Reformed Churches in North America (URC), and the severing of fraternal relationships between the CRC and the OPC and PCA in 1997. Because of the decision to ordain women, NAPARC suspended the CRC from membership in 1999 and expelled it in 2001. This gradual shift has spurred some of the more conservative congregations to leave; a significant number of these have ended up in the PCA, OPC, or URC. In 2008, the OCRC dissolved and member churches joined the URC.
      The CRC was a charter member of the Reformed Ecumenical Council, which organized at Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1946. The CRC joined the World Alliance of Reformed Churches in 2002 after many years of hesitation due to what was seen as the more liberal membership and agenda of that body. In 2010, the Reformed Ecumenical Council and World Alliance of Reformed Churches merged to form the World Communion of Reformed Churches at a joint meeting hosted by the CRC in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The CRC also belongs to the Canadian Council of Churches, the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada, the World Reformed Fellowship, and the National Association of Evangelicals. The CRC participates in Christian Churches Together in the United States and in the Global Christian Forum.
      As of 2016 the CRC has bilateral relationships with 39 denominations around the globe: 24 are in "ecclesiastical fellowship;" 10 are "in dialogue;" and five are in "corresponding fellowship." In North America, the CRC is denominational partners with the more mainline Reformed Church in America (from which it had split in 1857) and in ecclesiastical fellowship with the Evangelical Presbyterian Church and ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians.


      Theology


      The Christian Reformed Church is Calvinist, confessional and evangelical in its theology. It places high value on theological study and the application of theology to current issues, emphasizes the importance of careful Biblical hermeneutics, and has traditionally respected the personal conscience of individual members who feel they are led by the Holy Spirit. The Church promotes the belief that Christians do not earn their salvation, but that it is a wholly unmerited gift from God, and that good works are the Christian response to that gift.
      Reformed theology as practiced in the CRC is founded in Calvinism. A more recent theologian of great influence on this denomination was Abraham Kuyper (1837–1920). Kuyper, who served as the Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1901 to 1905, promoted a belief in social responsibility and called on Christians to engage actively in improving all aspects of life and society. Kuyper is regarded as a founding father of Christian Democracy political ideology. Current scholars with wider reputations, such as philosophers Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff, as well as Lewis B. Smedes, have associations with this denomination and with Calvin University. Philip Yancey has stated, "I also admire the tradition of the Christian Reformed Church, which advocates 'bringing every thought captive' under the mind of Christ; that tiny 'transforming' denomination has had an enormous influence on science, philosophy, and the arts."


      Doctrinal standards


      The CRC officially subscribes to the Ecumenical Creeds—the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the Athanasian Creed—as well as three Reformed Confessions, commonly referred as the Three Forms of Unity: the Belgic Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism, and the Canons of Dort.
      In 1986, the CRC formulated a statement of faith titled "Our World Belongs to God: A Contemporary Testimony" which addresses issues such as secularism, individualism, and relativism. These issues were seen as "unique challenges of faith presented by the times in which we live". While not having confessional status, it is meant to give a hymn-like expression of CRC beliefs within the heritage of the Reformed confessions, especially addressing issues that confront the church today. The Contemporary Testimony was reviewed and updated in 2008. The second Contemporary Testimony held by the CRCNA is the Belhar Confession, a testimony written in Afrikaans in 1982 from Reformed churches in South Africa.


      Social issues


      The Christian Reformed Church has stated its position on a number of social issues. Summaries of those positions and references to full reports with exact statements can be found at crcna.org.
      The CRC is opposed to abortion except in cases when the "life of the mother is genuinely threatened" by her pregnancy. The church "affirms the unique value of all human life" from the "moment of conception". Believers are called upon to show "compassion" to those experiencing unwanted pregnancies, even while they speak out against the "atrocity" of abortion. In 2010, the Synod adopted a recommendation "to instruct the Office of Social Justice and Hunger Action (OSJ) to boldly advocate for the church's position against abortion, and to help equip churches to promote the sanctity of human life" (Acts of Synod 2010, p. 883)."
      Unlike many other Christian denominations, the CRC does not have an official stance on euthanasia. Their Acts of the 1972 Synod, however, can be interpreted as also a condemnation of euthanasia, since it opposes "the wanton or arbitrary destruction of any human being at any stage of its development from the point of conception to the point of death". (Acts of Synod 1972, p. 64) The CRC already expressed its official opposition to legal euthanasia both in Canada and the United States.
      The CRC has a moderate stance on the death penalty: "The CRC has declared that modern states are not obligated by Scripture, creed, or principle to institute and practice capital punishment. It does, however, recognize that Scripture acknowledges the right of modern states to institute and practice capital punishment if it is exercised with utmost restraint."
      The stance of the CRC is that homosexuality is "a condition of disordered sexuality that reflects the brokenness of our sinful world". Christian homosexuals should not pursue "homosexualism", defined as "explicit homosexual practice", which is "incompatible with obedience to the will of God as revealed in Scripture". Christian homosexuals should be given "loving support" within the church community, compassion, and support "towards healing and wholeness". Christian homosexuals, like all Christians, are called to discipleship, holy obedience, and the use of their gifts in the cause of the kingdom. Opportunities to serve within the offices and the life of the congregation should be afforded to them as to heterosexual Christians.
      The Christian Reformed Church in North America also opposes Freemasonry.


      Political involvement


      The CRC educates its constituency and mobilizes member advocacy on a wide range of social justice issues in Canada and the United States. It does so primarily through its Office of Social Justice and Hunger Action (OSJ) and the Centre for Public Dialogue (CPD) in Canada. Major issues on which the CRC has clear, biblically rooted positions and an active advocacy effort include: Reducing or ending abortion, comprehensive reform of the U.S. immigration system, ending global poverty and hunger, fighting systemic racism in both Canada and the U.S., achieving more justice for aboriginal groups in the U.S. and Canada, organizing for a stronger governmental and private sector response to care for God's creation – including climate change, refugee protection and resettlement, and standing in solidarity with those who are persecuted for their faith.


      Missions



      The CRC has mission efforts and ministries in Nigeria, South America, Southeast Asia, and the Navajo reservation. Among the most prominent reservation churches are the Zuni and Rehoboth missions. Rehoboth was founded in 1903 and has grown significantly into a large church and has an independent school with over 500 students in grades K-12; Zuni has experienced the same in its community. The Rehoboth hospital moved to the neighboring town of Gallup in 1970. Rehoboth built a high-school in 1951, and a new high school, funded by the DeVos family, was built in 2018. The first Rehoboth church was built in 1908, though the congregation moved to a new building in 2005.


      Governance



      Church polity refers to the form of governance and organization of a church. The CRC follows a Presbyterian form of church polity organized under governance by elders, as compared to Episcopal polities organized under governance by bishops (Roman Catholic, United Methodist, and Episcopal denominations) and Congregational polities organized under the governance of the local congregation (Congregational, Baptist, Disciples of Christ). Governance by elders is assumed throughout the Christian Reformed Church Order, but CRC polity is not exactly like that of Presbyterian denominations. Two particular differences include the fact that the CRC has limited tenure for officebearers (so elders and deacons serve terms, not forever), and ministers are ordained and credentialed by a local congregation, not the regional classis or presbytery. Another key difference is that church polity in the CRC does not have confessional status and, therefore, the Church Order does not have the same authority as the creeds. The Church Order is subordinate to the creeds and confessions, which are subordinate to Scripture.
      The Christian Reformed Church has three levels of assembly: the church council (local assembly, composed of a congregation's deacons, elders, and ministerial staff), the classis (regional assembly, of which there are 48: 37 in the United States and 12 in Canada, with one straddling the international border), and the synod (bi-national assembly.) The church's Synod meets annually in June, with 192 delegates: a minister, an elder and a deacon from each classis, plus one other officebearer.
      Central offices of the church are located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Burlington, Ontario. The CRC in North America has sent missionaries to many countries around the world where Christian Reformed churches have been established, but these have organized on their own and are independent from the North American denomination.


      Education and agencies


      Reformed teaching puts an emphasis on education. As such, many CRC members support Christian day schools as well as post-secondary education.
      The denomination owns and supports Calvin University as well as Calvin Theological Seminary in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where the denomination's U.S. offices are located. Historically most ministers ordained in the CRC were trained at Calvin Seminary. Other colleges associated with the denomination are Kuyper College (also located in Grand Rapids), Trinity Christian College in Palos Heights, Illinois; Dordt University in Sioux Center, Iowa; Redeemer University College in Ancaster, Ontario; The King's University in Edmonton, Alberta, and the post-graduate Institute for Christian Studies in Toronto, Ontario.
      Elim Christian Services in Palos Heights, Illinois, offers a school devoted to the education of those with special needs.


      = Agencies

      =

      ReFrame Ministries – (formerly The Back to God Hour) media ministry founded in 1939 that uses radio, television, internet, and text messaging to reach nearly 200 countries, with 34 websites in 10 languages
      Calvin University – the oldest and primary college of the CRCNA
      Calvin Theological Seminary – the CRCNA seminary for training ministers and those doing ministry work
      Resonate Global Mission - Formed by the joining of Christian Reformed Home Missions and Christian Reformed World Missions, Resonate Global Mission, trains leaders, guides new churches, and forges partnerships to proclaim and live out the good news of Jesus Christ worldwide.
      World Renew – World Renew, formerly the Christian Reformed World Relief Committee (CRWRC), is the relief and development organization of the Christian Reformed Church. It responds to the needs of people around the world who are suffering from poverty, hunger, disaster, and injustice.


      = Departments and offices

      =
      Faith Alive Christian Resources – known as CRC Publications until 2007, publishes and distributes books, magazines and learning materials. In 2013, Faith Alive was reorganized from a CRC agency with its own board to a department supervised by the CRC Board of Trustees.
      Canadian Ministries
      Candidacy Committee
      Chaplaincy & Care Ministry
      CRC Foundation
      Disability Concerns
      Ecumenical and Interfaith Relations Committee (EIRC)
      CRC Loan Fund
      Office of Social Justice
      Centre for Public Dialogue
      Pastor-Church Resources
      Race Relations
      Safe Church
      Servicelink
      Sustaining Congregational Excellence (SCE)
      Sustaining Pastoral Excellence (SPE)


      = Denominationally related agencies

      =
      Diaconal Ministries Canada
      Dynamic Youth Ministries – ministers to young people; includes Calvinist Cadet Corps, GEMS Girls' Clubs, and ThereforeGo Ministries
      Friendship Ministries
      Partners Worldwide
      Timothy Leadership Training Institute


      Demographics



      CRC churches are predominantly located in areas of Dutch immigrant settlement in North America, including Brookfield, Wisconsin, Western Michigan, Chicago, the city of Lynden in Washington State, British Columbia, Ontario, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Alberta, Iowa, suburban southern California, Ripon, California, and northern New Jersey. About 75% of the CRCNA congregations are located in the US, while the remaining 25% are in Canada. The church has grown more ethnically diverse with some congregations predominantly Native American, Korean, Chinese, Vietnamese, African-American and Hispanic. All together, Christian Reformed Churches speak around 20 languages and over 170 congregations speak a language other than English or Dutch. Many churches, particularly in more urban areas, are becoming much more integrated. Emerging from its role as primarily an immigrant church, the church has become more outward focused in recent years.


      Membership trends


      After a time of steady growth during the period of 1963–1992, membership totals have declined, even though the number of churches has grown. In 1992, at the height of its membership, the Christian Reformed Churches had 316,415 members in 981 churches in the United States and Canada. In 2019 membership had dropped to 222,156 members in 1072 churches, marking a loss of 78,164 members (or 26% of its membership) in the last 25 years.


      Notable members


      Herman Baker, founder, Baker Publishing Group
      Louis Berkhof, 1873–1957, prominent Reformed theologian of the 20th century
      Scott Brown, former U.S. Ambassador and former U.S. Senator from Massachusetts
      Richard DeVos, businessman, co-founder of Amway
      Betsy DeVos, former U.S. Secretary of Education
      Calvin B. DeWitt, environmentalist and co-founder of the Evangelical Environmental Network
      William B. Eerdmans, founder, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
      Vern Ehlers, U.S. Representative from Michigan
      Randy Feenstra U.S. Representative from Iowa
      William K. Frankena, 1908–1994, philosopher, University of Michigan
      Sidney Greidanus, professor of preaching at Calvin Theological Seminary
      Marv Heemeyer, 1951-2004, known for Granby, Colorado bulldozer rampage
      Paul B. Henry, U.S. Representative from Michigan
      Herman Hoeksema, (1886-1965) Reformed theologian who helped found the Protestant Reformed Churches in America
      Bill Huizenga, U.S. Representative from Michigan
      Bill Hybels, pastor of Willow Creek Community Church and founder of Willow Creek Association
      Rienk Kuiper, theologian
      Frederick Manfred, author of Westerns, the pen name of Feike Feikema (1912–1994)
      Manuel Ortiz, pastor, missionary and scholar
      Richard and Joan Ostling, authors and journalists
      Alvin Plantinga, philosopher, University of Notre Dame
      Cornelius Plantinga, theologian, author, president of Calvin Theological Seminary from 2002-2011
      Michael Rea, philosopher, University of Notre Dame
      H. Evan Runner, philosopher
      Hillary Scholten, U.S. Representative from Michigan
      Christian Sebastia, pastor, theologian and music producer
      Calvin Seerveld, philosopher and theologian
      Chris Sievers, Principal, Borculo Christian Schools
      Norman Shepherd, pastor and theologian
      Lewis Smedes, author, ethicist, and theologian (1921–2002)
      The Staal brothers, professional hockey players Eric Staal, Marc Staal, Jordan Staal, and Jared Staal
      Steven R. Timmermans, psychologist, author, former president of Trinity Christian College, executive director of CRC 2013–present
      Jay Van Andel, businessman, co-founder of Amway
      Cornelius Van Til, (1895–1987) Reformed theologian, (raised CRC and attended denominational schools before joining the Orthodox Presbyterian Church)
      Johanna Veenstra (1894-1933), missionary to Nigeria
      Geerhardus Vos (1862–1949), theologian, "Father of Reformed Biblical Theology"
      Albert Wolters, philosopher
      Nicholas Wolterstorff, philosopher, Yale University
      Jerry Zandstra, conservative activist


      See also



      The Christian Reformed Church is not a worldwide organization but has similar, independent church bodies in other lands.

      Christian Reformed Churches (Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerken), a different denomination with a similar name in the Netherlands
      Christian Reformed Churches of Australia
      Christian Reformed Church in Costa Rica
      Christian Reformed Church in Cuba
      Christian Reformed Church of the Dominican Republic
      Christian Reformed Church in Eastern Africa
      Christian Reformed Church in El Salvador
      Christian Reformed Church in Haiti
      Christian Reformed Church in Honduras
      Christian Reformed Church in Myanmar
      Christian Reformed Church in Nicaragua
      Christian Reformed Church of Nigeria
      Christian Reformed Church in Sierra Leone
      Christian Reformed Church in South Africa
      Christian Reformed Church in Sri Lanka (formerly known as the Dutch Reformed Church in Sri Lanka)
      Christian Reformed Church in the Philippines
      Reformed Church in America
      The Banner (The Banner of Truth) Magazine
      Christian Labor Association


      Notes




      References


      Bratt, James H. Dutch Calvinism in Modern America: A History of a Conservative Subculture. Eerdmans, 1984.
      Doezema, Linda Pegman. Dutch Americans: A Guide to Information Sources. Gale Research, 1979.
      Kroes, Rob, and Henk-Otto Neuschafer, eds. The Dutch in North America: Their Immigration and Cultural Continuity. Amsterdam: Free University Press, 1991.
      Kromminga, John. The Christian Reformed Church: A Study in Orthodoxy. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, 1949.
      Schaap, James. Our Family Album: The Unfinished Story of the Christian Reformed Church. Grand Rapids, Mich.: CRC Publications, 1998.
      Sheeres, Janet Sjaarda. Son of Secession: Douwe J. Vander Werp. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2006.
      Smidt, Corwin, Donald Luidens, James Penning, and Roger Nemeth. Divided by a Common Heritage: The Christian Reformed Church and the Reformed Church in America at the Beginning of the New Millennium. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006.
      Swierenga, Robert. Faith and Family: Dutch Immigration and Settlement in the United States, 1820–1920 (2000)
      Zwaanstra, Henry. Reformed Thought and Experience in a New World: A Study of the Christian Reformed Church and Its American Environment 1890–1918. The Netherlands: Kampen, 1973. 331 pp.
      Witteveen Fred, rehoboth christian school 1903-2003.


      External links



      Official website
      Book of Church Order for the CRCNA
      Searchable Database of All CRC Ministers
      Detailed church history
      Asian-American CRCs
      The Banner. The monthly publication of the CRC
      Profile of the CRC on the Association of Religion Data Archives website Archived 2014-10-28 at the Wayback Machine

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: christian reformed church in north america

    christian reformed church in north americachristian reformed church in north america grand rapidschristian reformed church in north america grand rapids michristian reformed church in north america headquarterschristian reformed church in north america missionchristian reformed church in north america historychristian reformed church in north america newschristian reformed church in north america grand rapids photoschristian reformed church of north america doctrinejobs at the christian reformed church in north america Search Results

    christian reformed church in north america

    Daftar Isi

    Christian Reformed Church

    The Christian Reformed Church is a diverse family of healthy congregations, assemblies, and ministries expressing the good news of God’s kingdom that transforms lives and communities worldwide.

    Welcome | Christian Reformed Church

    The Christian Reformed Church (CRC) includes just over one thousand congregations across the United States and Canada. About 75 percent of the churches are in the United States; 25 percent are in Canada.

    Find a Church | Christian Reformed Church

    You'll find a wide range of church settings and worship styles - urban, rural, contemporary, traditional, large, small, and everything in between - all connected by a common set of beliefs, commitment to ministry around the globe, and bound together by the good God we serve.

    Our Faith - Christian Reformed Church

    We affirm three creeds—the Apostles’ Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the Athanasian Creed—as ecumenical expressions of the Christian faith.

    Resources - Christian Reformed Church

    The publishing arm of the Christian Reformed Church. Church Resources Benefits, pension, bulletins, offering calendar, finance and admin tools, Ministry Shares, forms, and more.

    Our History - Christian Reformed Church

    The Christian Reformed Church has its roots in the Reformation of the sixteenth century. We believe that we cannot earn our salvation through good works and that the Scripture is the guide by which we evaluate our practices as Christians.

    Contact - Christian Reformed Church

    For General Inquiries and Church Support. Chat Now Call 800-272-5125 Email [email protected]

    Careers - Christian Reformed Church

    Thank you for your interest in career opportunities with the Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA). In keeping with our Equal Opportunity policy, we encourage candidates from all ethnic (racial) communities and candidates with disabilities to apply.

    Our Vision, Our Mission, Our Calling - Christian Reformed Church

    The Christian Reformed Church is a diverse family of healthy congregations, assemblies, and ministries expressing the good news of God’s kingdom that transforms lives and communities worldwide. Our Mission. As people called by God, We gather to praise God, listen to him, and respond. We nurture each other in faith and obedience to Christ.

    Position Statements - Christian Reformed Church

    Over time, the Christian Reformed Church has stated its position on a variety of contemporary topics. The following are summaries of the denomination's doctrinal and ethical positions as stated over the years by synod.