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      Cisco Talos, or Cisco Talos Intelligence Group, is a cybersecurity technology and information security company based in Fulton, Maryland. It is a part of Cisco Systems Inc. Talos' threat intelligence powers Cisco Secure products and services, including malware detection and prevention systems. Talos provides Cisco customers and internet users with customizable defensive technologies and techniques through several of their own open-source products, including the Snort intrusion prevention system and ClamAV anti-virus engine.
      The company is known for its involvement in several high-profile cybersecurity investigations, including the VPNFilter wireless router malware attack in 2018 and the widespread CCleaner supply chain attack In 2017.


      History


      Sourcefire was founded in 2001 by Martin Roesch, the creator of the Snort intrusion prevention system. Sourcefire created an original commercial version of Snort known as the "Sourcefire 3D System," which eventually became the Firepower line of network security products. The company's headquarters were in Columbia, Maryland in the United States, with offices across the globe.
      On July 23, 2013, Cisco Systems announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sourcefire for $2.7 billion. After Cisco's acquisition of Sourcefire, the company combined the Sourcefire Vulnerability Research Team (Sourcefire VRT), Cisco's Threat Research, Analysis, and Communications (TRAC) team, and Security Applications (SecApps) to form Cisco Talos in August 2014. Today, Talos sits under the Cisco Secure umbrella and operates the Cisco Talos Incident Response (Talos IR) team.
      In 2014, Cisco Talos helped co-found the Cyber Threat Alliance, a not-for-profit organization with the goal of improving cybersecurity "for the greater good" by encouraging collaboration between cybersecurity organizations by sharing cyber threat intelligence amongst members. As of 2022, the organization had more than 40 members, including Fortinet, Checkpoint, Palo Alto Networks and Symantec.
      In 2019, Cisco Security Incident Response Services group announced a new partnership with Talos, becoming Cisco Talos Incident Response (Talos IR). Since the creation of Talos IR, the group was named as a leader by IDC in the 2021 MarketScape for Worldwide Incident Readiness Services (doc #US46741420, November 2021). Talos IR was also added to the approved vendor list on the Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) response service providers list in May 2022.


      Threat research


      Talos regularly collects data on the latest cybersecurity threats, malware, and threat actors through several avenues. That information then powers Cisco Secure's products, including Cisco Secure Cloud and Cisco Secure Endpoint.
      The FBI and U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency has credited Talos with several major security research breakthroughs, including the VPNFilter malware that could take over home wireless routers, the BlackCat ransomware group, the active exploitation of the PrintNightmare vulnerability in Microsoft Windows and the router malware, a cousin of VPNFilter.
      In 2017, Talos discovered a malware known as Nyetya (or "NotPetya") disguising itself as an update for the Ukrainian tax software MeDoc. Nyetya was originally believed to be a ransomware attack targeting multinational corporations. But Talos was amongst the first threat research groups to discover that the attack was deliberately designed to destroy data and target Ukraine.
      In May 2018, Talos worked with the FBI in the U.S. to disclose the existence of a widespread wireless router malware known as VPNFilter. At the time of their initial disclosure, Talos stated that as many as 500,000 networking devices, mainly consumer-grade internet routers, were already infected with the malware across 54 countries. VPNFilter essentially acted as a "kill switch" the threat actor could pull at any time to render the device useless. The FBI would go on to release a warning telling users of the affected routers to factory reset their devices to protect against the malware. American law enforcement agencies would eventually go on to seize the botnet associated with VPNFilter and even backdoored some consumer routers. A variant of VPNFilter known as Cyclops Blink would arise again in 2022 in Ukraine after Russia's invasion.
      Later that year, Talos responded to a major cyber attack against the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Eventually dubbed "Olympic Destroyer," Talos found the actors wanted to completely wipe computers used on-site for the opening ceremony, rendering them unusable. The cyber attack disrupted the Olympics' official website the day before the opening ceremony, and attendees were unable to access the site or print their tickets to attend the Olympic events. The Wi-Fi in Pyeonchang Olympic Stadium also stopped working for several hours before returning to normal. Although many media outlets reported the attack came from a Russian threat actor, Talos stated there was too much doubt surrounding this assertion to attribute the attack confidently. Talos has since gone on to work on Olympic cybersecurity at other Games.
      Talos has been heavily involved in protecting Ukraine's network during the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War. The company announced in early March 2022 that it was directly operating security products 24/7 for critical customers in Ukraine. More than 500 employees in Cisco were assisting at the time in collecting open-source intelligence for Talos to act on. Talos researchers also created Ukraine-specific protections based on the intelligence they received. The company also wrote about numerous cyberattacks targeting Ukraine during Russia's invasion, including countless spam campaigns and wiper malware families.


      Vulnerability Research


      Cisco Talos has a Vulnerability Research team that identifies high-priority security vulnerabilities In computer operating systems, software and hardware, including platforms like ICS and IoT systems. This team works with vendors to disclose and patch more than 200 vulnerabilities a year.


      References

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    Cisco Talos Blog

    Jan 30, 2025 · Talos IR trends Q4 2024: Web shell usage and exploitation of public-facing applications spike. This new report from Cisco Talos Incident Response explores how threat actors increasingly deployed web shells against vulnerable web applications, and exploited vulnerable or unpatched public-facing applications to gain initial access.

    ArcaneDoor - New espionage-focused campaign found targeting …

    Apr 24, 2024 · Cisco Talos would like to acknowledge Anna Bennett and Brandon White of Cisco Talos and Phillip Schafer, Mike Moran, and Becca Lynch of the Duo Security Research team for their research that led to the identification of these attacks. Cisco Talos is actively monitoring a global increase in brute-force attacks

    New TorNet backdoor seen in widespread campaign

    Jan 28, 2025 · Cisco Talos has been closely monitoring reports of widespread intrusion activity against several major U.S. telecommunications companies, by a threat actor dubbed Salt Typhoon. This blog highlights our observations on this campaign and identifies recommendations for detection and prevention.

    New MortalKombat ransomware and Laplas Clipper ... - Cisco …

    Feb 14, 2023 · Since December 2022, Cisco Talos has been observing an unidentified actor deploying two relatively new threats, the recently discovered MortalKombat ransomware and a GO variant of the Laplas Clipper malware, to steal cryptocurrency from victims.

    New details on TinyTurla’s post-compromise ... - Cisco Talos Blog

    Mar 21, 2024 · Cisco Talos is providing an update on its two recent reports on a new and ongoing campaign where Turla, a Russian espionage group, deployed their TinyTurla-NG (TTNG) implant. We now have new information on the entire kill chain this actor uses, including the tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) utilized to steal valuable information from ...

    Detecting evolving threats: NetSupport RAT campaign - Cisco …

    Aug 1, 2024 · Cisco Talos is actively tracking multiple malware campaigns that utilize NetSupport RAT for persistent infections. These campaigns evade detection through obfuscation and updates. Snort can provide a strong defense before this malware reaches endpoints.

    Turla APT spies on Polish NGOs - Cisco Talos Blog

    Feb 15, 2024 · Cisco Talos has identified a new backdoor authored and operated by the Turla APT group, a Russian cyber espionage threat group. This new backdoor we’re calling “TinyTurla-NG” (TTNG) is similar to Turla’s previously disclosed implant, TinyTurla , in coding style and functionality implementation.

    Large-scale brute-force activity targeting VPNs, SSH ... - Cisco …

    Apr 16, 2024 · Cisco Talos would like to acknowledge Anna Bennett and Brandon White of Cisco Talos and Phillip Schafer, Mike Moran, and Becca Lynch of the Duo Security Research team for their research that led to the identification of these attacks. Cisco Talos is actively monitoring a global increase in brute-force attacks

    DNS Hijacking Abuses Trust In Core Internet Service - Cisco …

    Apr 17, 2019 · Cisco Talos has discovered a new cyber threat campaign that we are calling "Sea Turtle," which is targeting public and private entities, including national security organizations, located primarily in the Middle East and North Africa. The ongoing operation likely began as early as January 2017 and has continued through the first quarter of 2019.

    CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk - Cisco Talos Blog

    Sep 18, 2017 · Cisco Talos would like to acknowledge Anna Bennett and Brandon White of Cisco Talos and Phillip Schafer, Mike Moran, and Becca Lynch of the Duo Security Research team for their research that led to the identification of these attacks. Cisco Talos is actively monitoring a global increase in brute-force attacks