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Comedian is a 2019 artwork by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan. Created in an edition of three, it appears as a fresh banana affixed to a wall with duct tape. As a work of conceptual art, it consists of a certificate of authenticity with detailed diagrams and instructions for its proper display.
Number two of the limited edition of three was sold to cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun for $6.2 million in November 2024. Soon afterward, he ate the banana onstage, comparing it to a crypto asset and saying, "the real value is the concept itself". Sun also stated that he would buy 100,000 bananas from the street vendor in front of Sotheby's who sold the banana used in the most recent refresh of the artwork.
The piece and one of its sisters had previously sold for US$120,000 each at Art Basel Miami Beach to significant media attention. The third edition was donated to the Guggenheim Museum.
Background and description
Maurizio Cattelan is an Italian artist known for his tongue-in-cheek art, such as his 2016 creation America, a fully functional golden toilet. He previously used duct tape suspension for A Perfect Day in 1999, fastening the art dealer Massimo De Carlo to a gallery wall. At the 2019 Foire Internationale d'Art Contemporain art fair in Paris, the American conceptual interventionist Meth Fountain showed a half-eaten croissant affixed to the wall, predating Comedian by several months.
Comedian is a piece consisting of a fresh banana duct taped to a wall exactly 1.6 metres above the floor. Cattelan purchased the bananas at a Miami grocery store for an estimated 30 cents. The work includes a certificate of authenticity along with detailed instructions for its proper display, intended for its owner to use when displaying the work. The banana and the duct tape can be replaced as needed; the physical representation of Comedian is not the work itself. It was Cattelan's first artwork for a fair in over 15 years. The piece was compared to Andy Warhol's 1967 pop art fruit. Emmanuel Perrotin, the gallerist exhibiting the work, stated Comedian is "a symbol of global trade, a double entendre, as well as a classic device for humor".
Reception
Comedian created controversy, with some writers, such as Robin Pogrebin, questioning if it was even art. The Guardian called Comedian a "questionably genius work. ... It calls to mind the old Lucile Bluth Arrested Development gag about rich people not knowing the price of a banana." Artnet wrote the piece was one of the worst of the week, and that Cattelan "somehow duped a group of collectors into buying bananas duct-taped to walls for $120,000 a pop. Seriously." USA Today deadpanned, "This piece of art is bananas – literally." Newsweek called it "humorous minimalist artwork", while ARTnews asked whether the piece was cynical or thrilling. CBS News reported, "It may be the most talked-about artwork at this year's event." On December 13, the New York Post featured Comedian on its cover. In his 2021 book The Devil in the Gallery, Noah Charney stated, "Comedian is neither beautiful nor does it exhibit skill, so it represents the Duchampian path." In his book Beauty (and the Banana), author Brian C. Nixon stated, "To say the least, Comedian is a commentary on the wild world of contemporary art, communicating how culture understands, interprets, and engages with the arts."
= Purchases
=
The piece was released in an edition of three; two were purchased for $120,000 USD each at Art Basel. The selling price garnered significant media attention. One edition was purchased by Sarah Andelman, a founder of Colette.
In August 2020, artist Damien Hirst complained to the media that he was unable to purchase the piece and had offered to trade any of his own works for it with Cattelan; Cattelan replied that the piece had sold out. The following month Comedian was donated to the Guggenheim Museum, with instructions and diagrams for its installation and display.
Following a highly publicized tour and bidding, Comedian sold at Sotheby's during "The Now and Contemporary Evening Auction" on 20 November 2024 for $5,200,000 ($6,240,000 after fees), well above its $1,000,000-$1,500,000 estimate. The purchaser was cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun. On 29 November, Sun ate the banana at a press conference at the Peninsula Hotel, Hong Kong. He retains the right to recreate the artwork at any time, but not multiple co-existing copies.
Manhattan fruit vendor Shah Alam sold the banana used in the work for 25 cents. Alam expressed surprise and disbelief when informed of the sale, stating, "I am a poor man. I have never had this kind of money. I have never seen this kind of money".
= Interventions
=
After its sale, while still on exhibit at Art Basel, Georgian performance artist David Datuna ate the piece in
an intervention he called Hungry Artist. The banana was replaced later that day. No legal action was taken against him, though he was asked to leave the fair. Datuna stated, "What we perceive as materialism is nothing but social conditioning. Any meaningful interaction with an object could turn it to art. I am a hungry artist, and I am hungry for new interactions."
In April 2023, the piece located in the Leeum Museum of Art was eaten by a student, Noh Hyun-soo, who then taped the peel back onto the wall. When asked why he ate it, he said that he had skipped breakfast that day and was hungry.
= Interpretations
=
Following a flurry of publicity, several commentators satirized or interpreted Comedian. Designer Sebastian ErraZuriz taped a dildo to a wall with duct tape and listed it for sale for $12,000. Cryptocurrency artist CryptoGraffiti created The Commodity, "which instructed collectors to find and claim a banana with a bitcoin key address carved into it". Actress Brooke Shields taped a banana to her forehead with blue tape and posted it to Instagram with the caption, "An expensive selfie". Designer Simon Porte Jacquemus "created a merch opportunity when posting a duct-taped yellow version of [his] micro Le Chiquito bag". Popeyes Chicken joined with the San Paul Gallery Urban Art in Miami to create The Sandwich, a chicken sandwich taped to a white wall with duct tape; it was listed at $120,003.99 and "became a viral sensation in its own right". Multiple other brands followed suit, including the New York Mets, Burger King, Hostess, Perrier, Carrefour, Sweetgreen, Absolut, and Bobbi Brown.
Removal
On Sunday, December 8, 2019, in the morning, Comedian was removed from the fair. The curators removed the piece because they were afraid other art would be damaged by queuing crowds. After the removal, the gallery released the following statement: Comedian, with its simple composition, ultimately offered a complex reflection of ourselves. We would like to warmly thank all those who participated in this memorable adventure, as well as to our colleagues. We sincerely apologize to all the visitors of the fair who today will not be able to participate in Comedian.
After the removal, Perrotin created a social media account dedicated to the piece. One of the walls featuring the piece was later vandalized with the text "Epstien didn't kill himself" [sic] in lipstick, which was soon covered by the art fair.
Court case
Artist Joe Morford filed a suit against Cattelan for copyright infringement of his 2000 work titled Banana & Orange. Banana & Orange features plastic replicas of the titular fruits duct taped to two green panels. Given Morford's claimed similarities between Comedian and Banana & Orange, Morford pursued a claim of copyright infringement, alleging that Comedian unfairly copied Banana & Orange. Morford further claimed that Cattelan might have seen his work and been influenced by it. On June 9, 2023, Judge Robert N. Scolar Jr., a US district judge for the southern district of Florida, granted Cattelan's motion for summary judgment, closing the case prior to trial.
See also
2019 in art
References
External links
Cattelan Banana on Instagram
Lot for auction at Sotheby's November 20, 2024, with catalogue note and bibliography
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Comedian is a 2019 artwork by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan. Created in an edition of three, it appears as a fresh banana affixed to a wall with duct tape. As a work of conceptual art, it consists of a certificate of authenticity with detailed diagrams and instructions for its proper display.
The Art Basel Banana, Explained | Vogue
Dec 10, 2019 · Art Basel Banana is catchy, but it’s not actually the work’s name. Titled Comedian, it’s by Maurizio Cattelan. Cattelan is an Italian artist and an absurdist—in 2016 he replaced a toilet ...
May 17, 2024 · A searing indictment on the state of modern art, a revolutionary subversion of the norm, or simply a potassium-rich fruit and some sticky tape? Nobody really knows, and they’ve never been able to agree, which is basically ‘Comedian’ in a nutshell. Or banana skin, in this case.
Dec 17, 2019 · Comedian, the first work the Italian artist created for an art fair in 15 years, debuted at Art Basel Miami Beach in the first week of December—and promptly captivated everyone.
“Banana Taped to Wall” by Maurizio Cattelan – Explore This ...
Jul 21, 2022 · This infamous banana wall art piece, known as Comedian, was seen on every social media platform upon its release. With Banana Taped to Wall selling for $120 000, it caused an outrage in the art world when it was initially exhibited at the Art Basel fair of 2019.
A duct-taped banana sells for $6.2 million at an art auction
Nov 21, 2024 · A piece of conceptual art consisting of a simple banana, duct-taped to a wall, sold for $6.2 million at an auction Wednesday, with the winning bid coming from a prominent cryptocurrency...
Comedian is a work of art made by Maurizio Cattelan in 2019. It is made of a banana duct taped to a wall. Three editions of the art were made. Two of them were sold for $120,000.
Oct 24, 2024 · In December 2019, Maurizio Cattelan’s Comedian captivated the world in its debut at Art Basel Miami Beach. Comprised of a banana fastened with duct tape to a wall, the artwork quickly erupted into a viral global sensation that left a …
Comedian by Maurizio Cattelan: controversial postmodern artwork
Jun 1, 2023 · Maurizio Cattelan’s ‘Comedian’ is a conceptual work of art quite simply depicting a banana duct-taped to a wall. Yet even its seemingly simple installation, ‘Comedian’s’ message is in fact far deeper for those willing to take the leap of faith and delve into more profound questions about the nature of art, value and the role of an ...
Nov 22, 2024 · Maurizio Cattelan’s Comedian challenges the very notion of what art can be. By using a simple banana and duct tape, Cattelan taps into a long-standing tradition of conceptual art that questions value and meaning.
