conceptual framework

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      A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.


      Examples


      Isaiah Berlin used the metaphor of a "fox" and a "hedgehog" to make conceptual distinctions in how important philosophers and authors view the world. Berlin describes hedgehogs as those who use a single idea or organizing principle to view the world (such as Dante Alighieri, Blaise Pascal, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Plato, Henrik Ibsen and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel). Foxes, on the other hand, incorporate a type of pluralism and view the world through multiple, sometimes conflicting, lenses (examples include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, James Joyce, William Shakespeare, Aristotle, Herodotus, Molière, and Honoré de Balzac).
      Economists use the conceptual framework of supply and demand to distinguish between the behavior and incentive systems of firms and consumers. Like many other conceptual frameworks, supply and demand can be presented through visual or graphical representations (see demand curve). Both political science and economics use principal agent theory as a conceptual framework. The politics-administration dichotomy is a long-standing conceptual framework used in public administration.
      All three of these cases are examples of a macro level conceptual framework.


      Overview


      The use of the term conceptual framework crosses both scale (large and small theories) and contexts (social science, marketing, applied science, art etc.). The explicit definition of what a conceptual framework is and its application can therefore vary.
      Conceptual frameworks are beneficial as organizing devices in empirical research. One set of scholars has applied the notion of a conceptual framework to deductive, empirical research at the micro- or individual study level. They employ American football plays as a useful metaphor to clarify the meaning of conceptual framework (used in the context of a deductive empirical study).
      Likewise, conceptual frameworks are abstract representations, connected to the research project's goal that direct the collection and analysis of data (on the plane of observation – the ground). Critically, a football play is a "plan of action" tied to a particular, timely, purpose, usually summarized as long or short yardage. Shields and Rangarajan (2013) argue that it is this tie to "purpose" that makes American football plays such a good metaphor. They define a conceptual framework as "the way ideas are organized to achieve a research project's purpose". Like football plays, conceptual frameworks are connected to a research purpose or aim. Explanation is the most common type of research purpose employed in empirical research. The formal hypothesis of a scientific investigation is the framework associated with explanation.
      Explanatory research usually focuses on "why" or "what caused" a phenomenon. Formal hypotheses posit possible explanations (answers to the why question) that are tested by collecting data and assessing the evidence (usually quantitative using statistical tests). For example, Kai Huang wanted to determine what factors contributed to residential fires in U.S. cities. Three factors were posited to influence residential fires. These factors (environment, population, and building characteristics) became the hypotheses or conceptual framework he used to achieve his purpose – explain factors that influenced home fires in U.S. cities.


      Types


      Several types of conceptual frameworks have been identified, and line up with a research purpose in the following ways:

      Working hypothesis – exploration or exploratory research
      Pillar questions – exploration or exploratory research
      Descriptive categories – description or descriptive research
      Practical ideal type – analysis (gauging)
      Models of operations research – decision making
      Formal hypothesis – explanation and prediction
      Note that Shields and Rangarajan (2013) do not claim that the above are the only framework-purpose pairing. Nor do they claim the system is applicable to inductive forms of empirical research. Rather, the conceptual framework-research purpose pairings they propose are useful and provide new scholars a point of departure to develop their own research design.
      Frameworks have also been used to explain conflict theory and the balance necessary to reach what amounts to resolution. Within these conflict frameworks, visible and invisible variables function under concepts of relevance. Boundaries form and within these boundaries, tensions regarding laws and chaos (or freedom) are mitigated. These frameworks often function like cells, with sub-frameworks, stasis, evolution and revolution. Anomalies may exist without adequate "lenses" or "filters" to see them and may become visible only when the tools exist to define them.


      See also


      Analogy
      Inquiry
      Conceptual model
      Theory


      References




      Further reading


      Kaplan, Abraham (1964). The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science. Scranton, PA: Chandler Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-3521-1700-7. conceptual framework.
      Botha, M. E. (1989). "Theory Development in Perspective: The Role of Conceptual Frameworks and Models in Theory Development". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 14 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1989.tb03404.x. PMID 2926015.
      Dewey, John (1938). Logic: The Theory of Inquiry. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-0300-5250-7.
      Shields, Patricia and Rangarajan, Nandhini. (2013). A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. Stillwater, OK; New Forums Press (ISBN 1-58107-247-3)

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    What Is a Conceptual Framework? | Tips & Examples - Scribbr

    Aug 2, 2022 · A conceptual framework illustrates the expected relationship between your variables. It defines the relevant objectives for your research process and maps out how they come together to draw coherent conclusions.

    Conceptual Framework – Types, Methodology and Examples

    Mar 25, 2024 · It provides a visual or written guide to help researchers define the scope of their work, clarify research objectives, and connect findings to broader theoretical foundations. A well-crafted conceptual framework ensures that research is coherent, organized, and grounded in established knowledge.

    How To Make Conceptual Framework (With Examples and …

    Let this article guide you on how to make the conceptual framework of your study. Related: How to Write a Concept Paper for Academic Research. What Is a Conceptual Framework? Why Should Research Be Given a Conceptual Framework? What Is the Difference Between Conceptual Framework and Theoretical Framework?

    Conceptual framework - Wikipedia

    A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.

    Conceptual Framework Explained: Definition, Purpose, And …

    Aug 13, 2024 · In this article, we delve into the definition of a conceptual framework, its pivotal role in research, and the steps involved in building one. Additionally, we offer illustrative examples to showcase how conceptual frameworks function in various academic inquiries.

    Conceptual Framework - Meaning, Importance and How to Write it

    Dec 3, 2020 · Simply put, conceptual framework is the way ideas are organised to achieve a research project's purpose and explanation is the most common method employed. While a conceptual framework means a researcher's perception about the research problem, it is still an arranged and self-explanatory method drafted for the readers.

    What Is a Conceptual Framework: How to Create It & Examples

    Mar 9, 2023 · A conceptual framework is a broad representation of key concepts and their relationships that researchers develop based on their own experiences, observations, or ideas. It is used to organize and clarify ideas and variables within a study.