Cygnus X-3 GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 is a high-mass 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-ray binary (HMXB), one of the stronger binary 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-ray sources in the sky. It is often considered to be a microquasar, and it is believed to be a compact object in a binary system which is pulling in a stream of gas from an ordinary star companion. It is one of only two known HMXBs containing a Wolf–Rayet star. It is invisible visually, but can be observed at radio, infrared, 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths.


      Observations



      3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 is a prominent 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-ray source, with soft and hard 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-rays both varying in intensity. Periods where the hard 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-rays are at minimum intensity are known as soft states. It is less than half a degree from a gamma-ray pulsar, but is itself a weak gamma-ray source. It also shows periodic gamma-ray flares, apparently all occurring during the soft state.
      It is undetectable at visual wavelengths due to extreme extinction in the galactic plane. However, there is an infrared point source at its position. 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 is also notable as the only microquasar firmly detected in the high energy gamma rays in the range >100 MeV.
      Because of the variations in emission at various wavelengths, 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 has been given the variable star designation V1521 Cygni.


      Flares


      3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 is notable for its intense 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-ray emission, but it is also remarkable for its gamma-ray and radio flares during which it becomes the brightest radio source in the Milky Way. The gamma-ray flares apparently occur in the quiet radio period before a major radio flare.
      During the giant radio flares, a relativistic jet has been resolved within about 14° of being aimed directly towards us.


      Binary system


      3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 shows consistent variations across all wavelengths with a 4.8 h period. The nature of the infrared spectrum and the 3/?s=x" target="_blank">x-ray emission is interpreted as a binary system containing a Wolf–Rayet (WR) star and a compact object. The 4.8 h variations have been interpreted as eclipses, but this is thought to be unlikely because there are not well-defined periodic dips in the brightness.
      The orbit of the binary system is not known accurately, other than the period. Therefore, the masses of the components are not known accurately. Orbital analysis suggested that the mass of the compact object is less than 5 M☉, probably around 2 M☉. It could possibly be a neutron star but is more likely to be a black hole. The combination of a WR star and a black hole would be the only known example.
      While the combination of WR star and compact object would be unique, the WR component will itself almost certainly become a black hole very quickly by astronomical timescales. A supernova or possible direct collapse to a black hole is expected within a million years or so. However, modelling of the 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 system suggests it is most likely that the binary will be disrupted by any supernova event.
      The cosmic ray events from 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 had previously led to exotic proposals such as a star made of quarks, but are now explained as being produced in the relativistic jet. The explanation for the unusual relationship between the 3/?s=x" target="_blank">x-rays and the gamma-ray and radio flares is that the compact objects produces jets along its axis of rotation, within the dense wind from the WR star. These jets evacuate a cocoon within the wind when entering the hard state, and are then quenched by the wind when entering the soft state. Flares are produced during the transition to the hard state as the jets are interacting with the dense wind.


      Distance


      3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 lies in the direction of the 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus OB2 association in the 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X complex, although it is much further away. Its distance can be estimated relative to 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus OB2 by studying the 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-ray halo produced by dust between us and 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3. The distance to 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus OB2 is not known precisely, but this method gives possible distances to 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 of 3.4 kpc or 9.3 kpc.
      There is a small 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-ray source 16″ from 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 that varies with the same period by a phase lag of about 2.7 h. This is thought to be a Bok globule at approximately the same distance as 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3. Using molecular line emission from this object, two possible distances are found to be 6.1±0.6 kpc and 7.8±0.6 kpc. A statistical mean is 7.4±1.1 kpc.


      See also


      List of nearest black holes


      References




      External links


      3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 and its Little Friend Chandra 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-Ray Observatory
      A stellar circle of life near 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 Astronomy Now
      Waiting for 3/?s=cygnus" target="_blank">Cygnus 3/?s=x" target="_blank">X-3 Archived 2019-04-04 at the Wayback Machine NASA

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    Cygnus X-3 - Wikipedia

    Cygnus X-3 is a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB), one of the stronger binary X-ray sources in the sky. It is often considered to be a microquasar, and it is believed to be a compact object in a binary system which is pulling in a stream of gas from an ordinary star companion. It is one of only two known HMXBs containing a Wolf–Rayet star.

    Cygnus X-3 revealed as a Galactic ultraluminous X-ray source by …

    Jun 21, 2024 · Using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, we measured the X-ray polarization in the Galactic X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3). We found high, >20%, nearly energy-independent linear...

    Why is mystery object Cygnus X-3 so bright? Astronomers may …

    Jun 26, 2024 · The X-ray-emitting binary system Cygnus X-3 features a massive Wolf-Rayet star donating matter to a compact object, probably a black hole.

    Fermi Telescope Peers Deep into Microquasar - NASA

    Nov 26, 2009 · NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has made the first unambiguous detection of high-energy gamma-rays from an enigmatic binary system known as Cygnus X-3.

    Cygnus X-3 revealed as a Galactic ultraluminous X-ray source by …

    Mar 2, 2023 · Using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, we made the measurement of X-ray polarization in the Galactic X-ray binary Cyg X-3. We find high, over 20%, nearly energy-independent linear polarization, orthogonal to the direction of the radio ejections.

    Cyg X-3’s Little Friend: A Stellar Circle of Life - NASA

    Nov 21, 2016 · The X-ray data reveal a bright X-ray source to the right known as Cygnus X-3, a system containing either a black hole or neutron star (a.k.a. a compact source) left behind after the death of a massive star.

    The innermost jet in the hidden ultra-luminous X-ray source Cygnus X-3

    Aug 2, 2023 · Cygnus X-3 is a high-mass X-ray binary with a compact object accreting matter from a Wolf-Rayet donor star. Recently, it has been revealed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) as a...

    Cygnus X-3: Its Little Friend's Counterpart, the Distance to Cygnus X-3 ...

    Oct 6, 2016 · We report on observations made with Submillimeter Array (SMA) to search for molecular emission from this globule, also known as Cygnus X-3's "Little Friend" (LF). We have found a counterpart in both 12CO (2-1) and 13}CO (2-1) emission.

    Modulated High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Microquasar Cygnus X-3

    Nov 26, 2009 · Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3) motivated to a large extent the development of high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. Detections of Cyg X-3 were reported in the 1970s and early 1980s at energies of tens of mega–electron volts, tera–electron volts, peta–electron volts, and possibly exa–electron volts, generating considerable excitement as these ...

    Extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3

    Nov 22, 2009 · In Cygnus X-3, particle energies during the flares can be thousands of times higher than during quiescent states. Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3) is a powerful X-ray binary that has a period 5 of Porb...