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      In computing, data-oriented design is a program optimization approach motivated by efficient usage of the CPU cache, often used in video game development. The approach is to focus on the data layout, separating and sorting fields according to when they are needed, and to think about transformations of data. Proponents include Mike Acton, Scott Meyers, and Jonathan Blow.
      The parallel array (or structure of arrays) is the main example of data-oriented design. It is contrasted with the array of structures typical of object-oriented designs.
      The definition of data-oriented design as a programming paradigm can be seen as contentious as many believe that it can be used side by side with another paradigm, but due to the emphasis on data layout, it is also incompatible with most other paradigms.


      Motives


      These methods became especially popular in the mid to late 2000s during the seventh generation of video game consoles that included the IBM PowerPC based PlayStation 3 (PS3) and Xbox 360 consoles. Historically, game consoles often have relatively weak central processing units (CPUs) compared to the top-of-line desktop computer counterparts. This is a design choice to devote more power and transistor budget to the graphics processing units (GPUs). For example, the 7th generation CPUs were not manufactured with modern out-of-order execution processors, but instead use in-order processors with high clock speeds and deep pipelines. In addition, most types of computing systems have main memory located hundreds of clock cycles away from the processing elements. Furthermore, as CPUs have become faster alongside a large increase in main memory capacity, there is massive data consumption that increases the likelihood of cache misses in the shared bus, otherwise known as Von Neumann bottlenecking. Consequently, locality of reference methods have been used to control performance, requiring improvement of memory access patterns to fix bottlenecking. Some of the software issues were also similar to those encountered on the Itanium, requiring loop unrolling for upfront scheduling.


      Contrast with object orientation



      The claim is that traditional object-oriented programming (OOP) design principles result in poor data locality, more so if runtime polymorphism (dynamic dispatch) is used (which is especially problematic on some processors). Although OOP appears to "organise code around data", it actually organises source code around data types rather than physically grouping individual fields and arrays in an efficient format for access by specific functions. Moreover, it often hides layout details under abstraction layers, while a data-oriented programmer wants to consider this first and foremost.


      See also


      CPU cache
      Data-driven programming
      Entity component system
      Memory access pattern
      Video game development


      References

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    Data Oriented Design by Nicola Palomba on Prezi

    Data Oriented Design by Nicola Palomba on Prezi

    Data-oriented design: software engineering for limited resources and ...

    Data-oriented design: software engineering for limited resources and ...

    Data oriented design

    Data oriented design

    Data-oriented design | Semantic Scholar

    Data-oriented design | Semantic Scholar

    Data Oriented design

    Data Oriented design

    Data-Oriented Design

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    Data Oriented Design: A Way of Thinking - Hello C++

    Data Oriented Design: A Way of Thinking - Hello C++

    Data Oriented Design: A Way of Thinking - Hello C++

    Data Oriented Design: A Way of Thinking - Hello C++

    Data Oriented Design: A Way of Thinking - Hello C++

    Data Oriented Design: A Way of Thinking - Hello C++

    Introduction to Data Oriented Design

    Introduction to Data Oriented Design

    Introduction to Data Oriented Design

    Introduction to Data Oriented Design

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    data oriented design

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    What is data oriented design? - Stack Overflow

    A data oriented design is a design in which the logic of the application is built up of data sets, instead of procedural algorithms. For example procedural approach.

    Data-oriented design in practice? - Stack Overflow

    Now Object Oriented design is all about designing code and data to fit into encapsulated virtual "objects". Each object is a seperate entity with variables for properties that object might have and methods to take action on itself or other objects in the world.

    oop - What's the difference between Data Oriented and Data …

    Apr 6, 2021 · Data-oriented design pays attention to how complex data is stored; for cache effectiveness, or for eliminating lock contention by generating copies. Column- vs row- stores of data are a database application of DoD. As a side effect, DoD seems to cross swords with OOD; where the latter tries to hide object base data.

    Understanding cache-friendly, data-oriented objects and handles

    Oct 15, 2013 · However, I would like to try a data-oriented approach: not dynamically allocating Entity instances, but storing them in cache-friendly linear memory. struct Manager { vector<Entity> entities; // Cache-friendly void update() { /* erase-remove_if !alive entities */ } }; struct UserObject { // This reference may unexpectedly become invalid Entity ...

    paradigms - What is Data Oriented programming? - Stack Overflow

    Nov 8, 2010 · In object-oriented programming you are focusing on a single object (class - its methods, members, etc.). In data-oriented design you are thinking how data is touched and processed. You just have a box that processes your input data to your output data (the ideal input data is the same as output).

    Newest 'data-oriented-design' Questions - Stack Overflow

    Sep 13, 2023 · In computer graphics as well as in data-oriented design, there is the term 'interleaved', referring to a specific way to lay out data in memory. So for some data with attributes a, b and c, the memory ...

    c++ - I'm trying out Data Oriented Design - Stack Overflow

    In some cases the efficient representation of the data structures actually leads to new features, somewhat allowing the data itself to design the software. Git is an example of such a software where its features actually revolve around the changeset data structure to some degree where its efficiency actually lead to new features being conceived.

    How do I implement a data oriented design in Rust?

    In game engine development we usually use a data oriented design for optimal memory and computation performance. Let's take particle system as an example. In a particle system, we have a lot of particles, and each particle may have several attributes such as positions, velocities, etc. A typical implementation in C++ would be like this:

    What is data-driven programming? - Stack Overflow

    Apr 29, 2012 · I think the advice given isn't bad, but I've always thought of Data Driven Design revolves around using existing or given data structures as the foundation for your domain objects. For instance, the classic salesperson management program might have the following type structure of tables:

    c++ - Data oriented design in OOP - Stack Overflow

    Aug 27, 2012 · Data oriented design in OOP. Ask Question Asked 12 years, 5 months ago. Modified 12 years, 5 months ago. ...