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      The Derveni Krater is a volute krater, the most elaborate of its type, discovered in 1962 in a tomb at Derveni, not far from Thessaloniki, and displayed at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki. Weighing 40 kg, it is made of a bronze with a high tin content of about 15%, which endows it with a superb golden sheen without use of any gold at all. It is dated to the 4th century BC, and was probably made in Athens. Large metalwork vessels are extremely rare survivals in Ancient Greek art, and the Derveni Krater is the outstanding survival from Hellenistic art, as the Vix Krater is from the Archaic period.


      Discovery


      The krater was discovered buried, as a funerary urn for a Thessalian aristocrat whose name is engraved on the vase: Astiouneios, son of Anaxagoras, from Larissa. Kraters (mixing bowls) were vessels used for mixing undiluted wine with water and probably various spices as well, the drink then being ladled out to fellow banqueters at ritual or festive celebrations. When excavated, the Derveni Krater contained 1968.31 g of burnt bones that belonged to a man aged 35–50 and to a younger woman.


      Technique and decoration


      The vase is composed of two leaves of metal which were hammered then joined, although the handles and the volutes (scrolls) were cast and attached. The main alloy used gives it a golden colour, but at various points the decoration is worked with different metals as overlays or inlays of silver, copper, bronze and other base metals. Such highlights include the silver garlands of vine and ivy around the krater, the silver and copper stripes on the vipers at the handles, and the silver orbs of the eyes of the volute masks.
      The top part of the krater is decorated with motifs both ornamental (gadroons, palm leaves, acanthus, garlands) and figurative: the top of the neck presents a frieze of animals and most of all, four statuettes (two maenads, Dionysus and a sleeping satyr) are casually seated on the shoulders of the vase, in a pose foreshadowing that of the Barberini Faun. On the belly, the frieze in low relief, 32.6 cm tall, is devoted to the divinities Ariadne and Dionysus, surrounded by revelling satyrs and maenads of the Bacchic thiasus, or ecstatic retinue. There is also a warrior wearing only one sandal, whose identity is disputed: Pentheus, Lycurgus of Thrace, or perhaps the "one-sandalled" Jason of Argonaut fame.


      Dating


      The exact date and place of making are disputed. Barr-Sharrar thinks it was made around 370 BC in Athens. Based on the dialectal forms used in the inscription, some commentators think it was fabricated in Thessaly at the time of the revolt of the Aleuadae, around 350 BC. Others date it between 330 and 320 BC and credit it to bronzesmiths of the royal court of Alexander the Great.


      Inscription


      The funerary inscription on the krater reads:

      ΑΣΤΙΟΥΝΕΙΟΣ ΑΝΑΞΑΓΟΡΑΙΟΙ ΕΣ ΛΑΡΙΣΑΣ
      The inscription is in the Thessalian, variant of the Aeolian dialect: Aστιούνειος Aναξαγοραίοι ἐς Λαρίσας (Astioúneios Anaxagoraīoi es Larísas), "Astiouneios, son of Anaxagoras, from Larissa." If transcribed in Attic, the inscription could read: Aστίων Aναξαγόρου ἐκ Λαρίσης (Astíōn Anaxagórou ek Larísēs).


      Notes




      = Bibliography

      =
      E. Giouri, Ο κρατήρας του Δερβενίου, Athènes, Goebel, 1978 (Tr. "The krater of Derveni").
      Πέτρος Γ. Θεμελης, Γιάννης Π. Τσουράτσογλου, Οι Τάφοι του Δερβενίου, Ταμείο αρχαιολογικών πόρων, Athens, 1997. ISBN 960-214-103-4 (Tr. Petros G. Themelis and Giannis Tsouratsoglou, "The tombs of Derveni". In Greek with English summaries).
      Bernard Holtzmann and Alain Pasquier, Histoire de l'art antique : l'art grec, Documentation française, coll. "Manuels de l' École du Louvre", Paris, 1998 2-11-003866-7, p. 216-217.
      G. Mihaïlov, "Observations sur le cratère de Dervéni", REA 93 (1991), p. 39-54.
      B. Barr-Sharrar, The Derveni Krater: Masterpiece of Classical Greek Metalwork, Princeton, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2008. ISBN 978-0-87661-962-9.
      J.H. Musgrave, "The cremated remains from Tombs II and III at Nea Mihaniona and Tomb Beta at Derveni", The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 85 (1990), pp. 301–325.
      Sideris, A., "Les tombes de Derveni. Quelques remarques sur la toreutique", Revue Archéologique 2000, pp. 3–36.


      Attribution


      This page draws heavily on fr:Cratère de Derveni article in the French-language Wikipedia, which was accessed in the version of Nov. 12, 2006.


      External links


      Media related to Derveni krater at Wikimedia Commons

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    The Derveni krater. Thessaloniki, Archaeological Museum.

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    Close up shot of the Derveni Krater Stock Photo - Alamy

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    Derveni krater, bronze and tin alloy, c. 370 to 320 BC, 35-1/2"h ...

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    Derveni Krater - Wikipedia

    The Derveni Krater is a volute krater, [1] the most elaborate of its type, [2] discovered in 1962 in a tomb at Derveni, not far from Thessaloniki, and displayed at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki.

    The Derveni Krater: A Masterpiece of Ancient Metalwork and …

    Sep 20, 2024 · Discovered in 1965 near Thessaloniki, Greece, the Derveni Krater stands as one of the finest examples of ancient metalwork from the Hellenistic period. More than just a vessel, this bronze masterpiece embodies the intersection …

    Derveni Krater: A Masterpiece of Metalwork in Ancient Greece

    Sep 5, 2024 · The Derveni Krater exhibited at the Archeological Museum of Thessaloniki is one of the most elaborate metal vessels from ancient Greece yet discovered. Found in 1962 in an undisturbed Macedonian tomb of the late 4th century B.C. at Derveni not far from Thessaloniki, the krater is a tour de force of highly sophisticated methods of bronze working.

    Derveni Krater in Archaeological Museum Thessaloniki - Peter …

    Jun 17, 2022 · The Derveni Krater is a must-see object for anyone interested in ancient art or craftsmanship. There is nearly nothing else like it preserved from antiquity and it was probably a rare kind of object at its time.

    Toward the Derveni Krater || Artistry in Bronze - Getty

    In stark contrast to the opulence of the Derveni krater, the surviving large Greek bronze vessels of the Archaic and Classical periods (kraters, amphorae, hydriai, and so forth) are, to a remarkable degree, homogeneous in the restraint of their decoration.

    The Derveni Krater: Masterpiece of Classical Greek Metalwork …

    Dec 12, 2008 · Here is the much-needed scholarly volume on a surviving ancient Greek art treasure - the Derveni Krater - an object studied in every credible collegiate and university course on Greek art.

    Derveni, Thessaloniki - Wikipedia

    Derveni krater, height : 90.5 cm at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki. Derveni (Greek: Δερβένι) is a location between Efkarpia and Lagyna, approximately ten kilometers north-east of Thessaloniki. [1] At Derveni an archeological site is located where a necropolis was discovered, part of a cemetery of the ancient city of Lete.Valuable artifacts were uncovered at this site ...

    Derveni krater - Wikimedia Commons

    Aug 18, 2023 · English: Derveni krater. Français : Cratère de Derveni Photographies du Cratère de Derveni , utilisé comme urne funéraire dans le tombeau de Deverni, et ayant auparavant servi pour mélanger du vin et de l' eau .

    The Derveni Krater: Masterpiece of Classical Greek Metalwork.

    Seven complete bronze volute kraters, only two of which have a secure provenience — one from Derveni Tomb A and one from a shaft grave in Agrigento — are identified by B.-S. as belonging to a group that dates to the late fifth century.

    The Derveni krater. Thessaloniki, Archaeological Museum

    The Derveni krater. A find unique of its kind, and a product of sophisticated metalworking of the 4th c BC, this vessel was used as a depository urn for the deceased’s ashes in Derveni Grave 2. Its original function was that of a vessel in which to mix wine and water.