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- Rentang dinamis
- Daftar identitas logaritma
- Dilogarithm
- Polylogarithm
- Quantum dilogarithm
- Q-exponential
- Fubini's theorem
- Reflection formula
- Inverse tangent integral
- List of mathematical functions
- Volume conjecture
- William Spence (mathematician)
- Dilogarithm - Wikipedia
- Dilogarithm -- from Wolfram MathWorld
- Polylogarithm - Wikipedia
- The Dilogarithm Function - Max Planck Society
- DILOG. The dilogarithm function - Lancaster University
- 1. The dilogarithm - Yale University
- The Dilogarithm Function - Durham
- special functions - Short calculation of the dilogarithm?
- The Mysterious Dilogarithm - Yale University
- dilogarithm function - PlanetMath.org
dilogarithm
Dilogarithm GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
In mathematics, the dilogarithm (or Spence's function), denoted as Li2(z), is a particular case of the polylogarithm. Two related special functions are referred to as Spence's function, the dilogarithm itself:
Li
2
(
z
)
=
−
∫
0
z
ln
(
1
−
u
)
u
d
u
,
z
∈
C
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(z)=-\int _{0}^{z}{\ln(1-u) \over u}\,du{\text{, }}z\in \mathbb {C} }
and its reflection.
For |z| ≤ 1, an infinite series also applies (the integral definition constitutes its analytical extension to the complex plane):
Li
2
(
z
)
=
∑
k
=
1
∞
z
k
k
2
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(z)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{z^{k} \over k^{2}}.}
Alternatively, the dilogarithm function is sometimes defined as
∫
1
v
ln
t
1
−
t
d
t
=
Li
2
(
1
−
v
)
.
{\displaystyle \int _{1}^{v}{\frac {\ln t}{1-t}}dt=\operatorname {Li} _{2}(1-v).}
In hyperbolic geometry the dilogarithm can be used to compute the volume of an ideal simplex. Specifically, a simplex whose vertices have cross ratio z has hyperbolic volume
D
(
z
)
=
Im
Li
2
(
z
)
+
arg
(
1
−
z
)
log
|
z
|
.
{\displaystyle D(z)=\operatorname {Im} \operatorname {Li} _{2}(z)+\arg(1-z)\log |z|.}
The function D(z) is sometimes called the Bloch-Wigner function. Lobachevsky's function and Clausen's function are closely related functions.
William Spence, after whom the function was named by early writers in the field, was a Scottish mathematician working in the early nineteenth century. He was at school with John Galt, who later wrote a biographical essay on Spence.
Analytic structure
Using the former definition above, the dilogarithm function is analytic everywhere on the complex plane except at
z
=
1
{\displaystyle z=1}
, where it has a logarithmic branch point. The standard choice of branch cut is along the positive real axis
(
1
,
∞
)
{\displaystyle (1,\infty )}
. However, the function is continuous at the branch point and takes on the value
Li
2
(
1
)
=
π
2
/
6
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(1)=\pi ^{2}/6}
.
Identities
Li
2
(
z
)
+
Li
2
(
−
z
)
=
1
2
Li
2
(
z
2
)
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(z)+\operatorname {Li} _{2}(-z)={\frac {1}{2}}\operatorname {Li} _{2}(z^{2}).}
Li
2
(
1
−
z
)
+
Li
2
(
1
−
1
z
)
=
−
(
ln
z
)
2
2
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(1-z)+\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left(1-{\frac {1}{z}}\right)=-{\frac {(\ln z)^{2}}{2}}.}
Li
2
(
z
)
+
Li
2
(
1
−
z
)
=
π
2
6
−
ln
z
⋅
ln
(
1
−
z
)
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(z)+\operatorname {Li} _{2}(1-z)={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{6}}-\ln z\cdot \ln(1-z).}
The reflection formula.
Li
2
(
−
z
)
−
Li
2
(
1
−
z
)
+
1
2
Li
2
(
1
−
z
2
)
=
−
π
2
12
−
ln
z
⋅
ln
(
z
+
1
)
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(-z)-\operatorname {Li} _{2}(1-z)+{\frac {1}{2}}\operatorname {Li} _{2}(1-z^{2})=-{\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{12}}-\ln z\cdot \ln(z+1).}
Li
2
(
z
)
+
Li
2
(
1
z
)
=
−
π
2
6
−
(
ln
(
−
z
)
)
2
2
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(z)+\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{z}}\right)=-{\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}-{\frac {(\ln(-z))^{2}}{2}}.}
L
(
x
)
+
L
(
y
)
=
L
(
x
y
)
+
L
(
x
(
1
−
y
)
1
−
x
y
)
+
L
(
y
(
1
−
x
)
1
−
x
y
)
{\displaystyle \operatorname {L} (x)+\operatorname {L} (y)=\operatorname {L} (xy)+\operatorname {L} ({\frac {x(1-y)}{1-xy}})+\operatorname {L} ({\frac {y(1-x)}{1-xy}})}
. Abel's functional equation or five-term relation where
L
(
z
)
=
π
6
[
Li
2
(
z
)
+
1
2
ln
(
z
)
ln
(
1
−
z
)
]
{\displaystyle \operatorname {L} (z)={\frac {\pi }{6}}[\operatorname {Li} _{2}(z)+{\frac {1}{2}}\ln(z)\ln(1-z)]}
is the Rogers L-function (an analogous relation is satisfied also by the quantum dilogarithm)
Particular value identities
Li
2
(
1
3
)
−
1
6
Li
2
(
1
9
)
=
π
2
18
−
(
ln
3
)
2
6
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)-{\frac {1}{6}}\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{9}}\right)={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{18}}-{\frac {(\ln 3)^{2}}{6}}.}
Li
2
(
−
1
3
)
−
1
3
Li
2
(
1
9
)
=
−
π
2
18
+
(
ln
3
)
2
6
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}\left(-{\frac {1}{3}}\right)-{\frac {1}{3}}\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{9}}\right)=-{\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{18}}+{\frac {(\ln 3)^{2}}{6}}.}
Li
2
(
−
1
2
)
+
1
6
Li
2
(
1
9
)
=
−
π
2
18
+
ln
2
⋅
ln
3
−
(
ln
2
)
2
2
−
(
ln
3
)
2
3
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}\left(-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)+{\frac {1}{6}}\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{9}}\right)=-{\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{18}}+\ln 2\cdot \ln 3-{\frac {(\ln 2)^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {(\ln 3)^{2}}{3}}.}
Li
2
(
1
4
)
+
1
3
Li
2
(
1
9
)
=
π
2
18
+
2
ln
2
⋅
ln
3
−
2
(
ln
2
)
2
−
2
3
(
ln
3
)
2
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{4}}\right)+{\frac {1}{3}}\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{9}}\right)={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{18}}+2\ln 2\cdot \ln 3-2(\ln 2)^{2}-{\frac {2}{3}}(\ln 3)^{2}.}
Li
2
(
−
1
8
)
+
Li
2
(
1
9
)
=
−
1
2
(
ln
9
8
)
2
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}\left(-{\frac {1}{8}}\right)+\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{9}}\right)=-{\frac {1}{2}}\left(\ln {\frac {9}{8}}\right)^{2}.}
36
Li
2
(
1
2
)
−
36
Li
2
(
1
4
)
−
12
Li
2
(
1
8
)
+
6
Li
2
(
1
64
)
=
π
2
.
{\displaystyle 36\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)-36\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{4}}\right)-12\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{8}}\right)+6\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{64}}\right)={\pi }^{2}.}
Special values
Li
2
(
−
1
)
=
−
π
2
12
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(-1)=-{\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{12}}.}
Li
2
(
0
)
=
0.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(0)=0.}
Its slope = 1.
Li
2
(
1
2
)
=
π
2
12
−
(
ln
2
)
2
2
.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{12}}-{\frac {(\ln 2)^{2}}{2}}.}
Li
2
(
1
)
=
ζ
(
2
)
=
π
2
6
,
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(1)=\zeta (2)={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{6}},}
where
ζ
(
s
)
{\displaystyle \zeta (s)}
is the Riemann zeta function.
Li
2
(
2
)
=
π
2
4
−
i
π
ln
2.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{2}(2)={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{4}}-i\pi \ln 2.}
Li
2
(
−
5
−
1
2
)
=
−
π
2
15
+
1
2
(
ln
5
+
1
2
)
2
=
−
π
2
15
+
1
2
arcsch
2
2.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left(-{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{2}}\right)&=-{\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{15}}+{\frac {1}{2}}\left(\ln {\frac {{\sqrt {5}}+1}{2}}\right)^{2}\\&=-{\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{15}}+{\frac {1}{2}}\operatorname {arcsch} ^{2}2.\end{aligned}}}
Li
2
(
−
5
+
1
2
)
=
−
π
2
10
−
ln
2
5
+
1
2
=
−
π
2
10
−
arcsch
2
2.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left(-{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}+1}{2}}\right)&=-{\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{10}}-\ln ^{2}{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}+1}{2}}\\&=-{\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{10}}-\operatorname {arcsch} ^{2}2.\end{aligned}}}
Li
2
(
3
−
5
2
)
=
π
2
15
−
ln
2
5
+
1
2
=
π
2
15
−
arcsch
2
2.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {3-{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}\right)&={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{15}}-\ln ^{2}{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}+1}{2}}\\&={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{15}}-\operatorname {arcsch} ^{2}2.\end{aligned}}}
Li
2
(
5
−
1
2
)
=
π
2
10
−
ln
2
5
+
1
2
=
π
2
10
−
arcsch
2
2.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\operatorname {Li} _{2}\left({\frac {{\sqrt {5}}-1}{2}}\right)&={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{10}}-\ln ^{2}{\frac {{\sqrt {5}}+1}{2}}\\&={\frac {{\pi }^{2}}{10}}-\operatorname {arcsch} ^{2}2.\end{aligned}}}
In particle physics
Spence's Function is commonly encountered in particle physics while calculating radiative corrections. In this context, the function is often defined with an absolute value inside the logarithm:
Φ
(
x
)
=
−
∫
0
x
ln
|
1
−
u
|
u
d
u
=
{
Li
2
(
x
)
,
x
≤
1
;
π
2
3
−
1
2
(
ln
x
)
2
−
Li
2
(
1
x
)
,
x
>
1.
{\displaystyle \operatorname {\Phi } (x)=-\int _{0}^{x}{\frac {\ln |1-u|}{u}}\,du={\begin{cases}\operatorname {Li} _{2}(x),&x\leq 1;\\{\frac {\pi ^{2}}{3}}-{\frac {1}{2}}(\ln x)^{2}-\operatorname {Li} _{2}({\frac {1}{x}}),&x>1.\end{cases}}}
See also
Markstein number
Notes
References
Lewin, L. (1958). Dilogarithms and associated functions. Foreword by J. C. P. Miller. London: Macdonald. MR 0105524.
Morris, Robert (1979). "The dilogarithm function of a real argument". Math. Comp. 33 (146): 778–787. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-1979-0521291-X. MR 0521291.
Loxton, J. H. (1984). "Special values of the dilogarithm". Acta Arith. 18 (2): 155–166. doi:10.4064/aa-43-2-155-166. MR 0736728.
Kirillov, Anatol N. (1995). "Dilogarithm identities". Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 118: 61–142. arXiv:hep-th/9408113. Bibcode:1995PThPS.118...61K. doi:10.1143/PTPS.118.61. S2CID 119177149.
Osacar, Carlos; Palacian, Jesus; Palacios, Manuel (1995). "Numerical evaluation of the dilogarithm of complex argument". Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 62 (1): 93–98. Bibcode:1995CeMDA..62...93O. doi:10.1007/BF00692071. S2CID 121304484.
Zagier, Don (2007). "The Dilogarithm Function". In Pierre Cartier; Pierre Moussa; Bernard Julia; Pierre Vanhove (eds.). Frontiers in Number Theory, Physics, and Geometry II (PDF). pp. 3–65. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30308-4_1. ISBN 978-3-540-30308-4.
Further reading
Bloch, Spencer J. (2000). Higher regulators, algebraic K-theory, and zeta functions of elliptic curves. CRM Monograph Series. Vol. 11. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. ISBN 0-8218-2114-8. Zbl 0958.19001.
External links
NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions: Dilogarithm
Weisstein, Eric W. "Dilogarithm". MathWorld.
Kata Kunci Pencarian: dilogarithm
dilogarithm
Daftar Isi
Dilogarithm - Wikipedia
In mathematics, the dilogarithm (or Spence's function), denoted as Li2(z), is a particular case of the polylogarithm. Two related special functions are referred to as Spence's function, the dilogarithm itself: and its reflection.
Dilogarithm -- from Wolfram MathWorld
The dilogarithm can be defined by the sum Li_2(z)=sum_(k=1)^infty(z^k)/(k^2) ... The dilogarithm Li_2(z) is a special case of the polylogarithm Li_n(z) for n=2. Note that the notation Li_2(x) is unfortunately similar to that for the logarithmic integral Li(x).
Polylogarithm - Wikipedia
In mathematics, the polylogarithm (also known as Jonquière's function, for Alfred Jonquière) is a special function Lis(z) of order s and argument z. Only for special values of s does the polylogarithm reduce to an elementary function such as the natural logarithm or a …
The Dilogarithm Function - Max Planck Society
the dilogarithm function and describe some of its more striking properties: its known special values which can be expressed in terms of ordinary log-arithms, its many functional equations, its connection with the volumes of ideal tetrahedra in hyperbolic …
DILOG. The dilogarithm function - Lancaster University
DILOG. The dilogarithm function Notes by G. J. O. Jameson The \dilogarithm" function Li 2 is de ned for jxj 1 by Li 2(x) = X1 n=1 xn n 2 = x+ x2 2 + x3 32 + : (1) It has been called \Spence’s function", in tribute to the pioneering study by W. Spence in 1809. This is actually the case k = 2 of the \polylogarithm" Li k(x) = P 1 n=1 x n=nk. In ...
1. The dilogarithm - Yale University
At rst glance many features of this picture seem special for the dilogarithm. For example the classical n-logarithms are functions of just 1 variable, but for n>2 GL ndoes not act on P1, @Hnis no longer a complex manifold and so on. In this lecture I will explain how most of these facts about the dilogarithm are
The Dilogarithm Function - Durham
the dilogarithm function and describe some of its more striking properties: its known special values which can be expressed in terms of ordinary log-arithms, its many functional equations, its connection with the volumes of ideal tetrahedra in hyperbolic …
special functions - Short calculation of the dilogarithm?
Is there a nice way to implement the dilogarithm function for real values, without actually performing the integration? A series solution would have been nice, but the series around 0 0 has a convergence radius of 1 1, so it doesn't work for larger x x. Ideally, I'm looking for an "elegant" method, rather than the "fastest" method.
The Mysterious Dilogarithm - Yale University
for 0 < x < 1 : Li2( x ) is called the dilogarithm function. Dilogarithm Introduction De nition. De nition. The aylorT series of the logarithm around 1 is given by log(1 x ) = X1 n =1. xn. n for 0 < x < 1 ; By analogy, we have: De nition (Leibnitz 1696; Euler 1768) The polylogarithm is de ned by the power series Lim( x ) = X1 n =1. xn. nm.
dilogarithm function - PlanetMath.org
Feb 9, 2018 · In terms of the Bernoulli numbers, the dilogarithm function has a series expansion more rapidly converging than (1): Li 2 ( x ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ B n - 1 ( - ln ( 1 - x ) ) n n ! ( | ln ( 1 - x ) | < 2 π )