eastern red rumped swallow

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      The eastern red-rumped swallow (Cecropis daurica) is a small passerine bird in the swallow family Hirundinidae. It is found in open, often hilly, areas with clearings and cultivation across Southeast Asia to north-eastern India and Taiwan.
      The European red-rumped swallow and the African red-rumped swallow were formerly considered as subspecies of the eastern red-rumped swallow.


      Taxonomy


      The eastern red-rumped swallow was formally described in 1769 by the Finnish-Swedish clergyman, explorer and natural scientist Erik Laxmann as Hirundo daurica, using a specimen from Mount Schlangen, near Zmeinogorsk, Russia. It is now placed in the genus Cecropis created by German scientist Friedrich Boie in 1826. Boie's genus name Cecropis is from the Ancient Greek for an Athenian woman. The specific daurica is derived from Dauria, a mountainous region to the east of Lake Baikal in Russia. The alternative genus Hirundo is the Latin word for "swallow". Some authorities consider the West African swallow to be a subspecies of the red-rumped swallow.
      Eight subspecies are recognised:

      C. d. daurica (Laxmann, 1769) – northeast Kazakhstan and Mongolia to central south China
      C. d. japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) – southeast Siberia, Korea Peninsula and Japan to south China
      C. d. nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) – Himalayas to north Myanmar
      C. d. erythropygia (Sykes, 1832) – central India
      C. d. mayri (Hall, BP, 1953) – northeast Bangladesh, northeast India, north Myanmar and south China
      C. d. stanfordi (Mayr, 1941) – east Myanmar, north Thailand and Indochina
      C. d. vernayi (Kinnear, 1924) – south Myanmar and west Thailand
      C. d. striolata (Schlegel, 1844) – Taiwan and Philippines (except Sulu Archipelago), Java and Bali to Wetar and Timor (east Lesser Sunda Islands)
      The subspecies mayri, stanfordi, vernayi and striolata were formerly treated as a separate species, the striated swallow (Cecropis striolata). The species were lumped together because the variation in stength of the underpart streaking is clinal with no significant difference between japonica and mayri.


      Description


      The eastern red-rumped swallow is 19 cm long with a deeply forked tail. It has blue upperparts other than a reddish collar (sometimes absent) and streaked chestnut rump. The face and underparts are white with heavy dark streaking. The wings are brown. The sexes are alike but juveniles are duller and browner, with a paler rump and shorter outer tail feathers.
      The population in mainland India, C. d. erythropygia, has the rump patch uniform dark chestnut without any dark shaft-streaks. The tail fork is shallow and the white patch on the inner web of the outer-tail feathers is indistinct. C. d. japonica breeds in eastern Asia and winters in Thailand, Burma, India and northern Australia. They are heavily streaked on the underside and have faint streaks on the rump. The population along the Himalayas, C. d. nipalensis, migrates to peninsular India in winter and breeds from Kulu in the west to Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh in the east. This population has the rump paler with dark shaft streaks.


      Behavior


      The contact call is pin, the alarm is chi-chi-chi, and the song is a soft twittering.


      = Migration

      =
      The island subspecies are essentially resident, but the continental races mayri and stanfordi are partial migrants which move south in the winter.


      = Breeding

      =
      The eastern red-rumped swallow breeds from April to July alone or semi-colonially with scattered nests. The nest is a retort or bottle-shaped structure, made from mud pellets and lined with dried grasses and feathers. The clutch is usually four, sometimes five, white eggs. Both sexes build the nest, and share incubation and the care of the young.
      Nests are constructed in natural caves, but very often in artificial sites on bridges, in culverts and on buildings.


      = Feeding

      =
      The eastern red-rumped swallow feeds low over the ground or at cliff faces on flying insects. It has a slow buoyant flight compared to the barn swallow. It will feed with other swallow species.


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      References




      Sources

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    Eastern red-rumped swallow - Wikipedia

    The eastern red-rumped swallow (Cecropis daurica) is a small passerine bird in the swallow family Hirundinidae. It is found in open, often hilly, areas with clearings and cultivation across Southeast Asia to north-eastern India and Taiwan.

    Eastern Red-rumped Swallow - eBird

    Brightly-colored swallow with a deeply forked tail, pale orangish rump, black squared-off undertail coverts, and an incomplete orange collar. The underparts are always streaked, though there is geographical variation, with streaks ranging from fine and sparse to thick and heavy.

    European/African/Eastern Red-rumped Swallow - eBird

    Learn about European/African/Eastern Red-rumped Swallow: explore photos, sounds, and observations collected by birders around the world.

    European red-rumped swallow - Wikipedia

    The European red-rumped swallow (Cecropis rufula) is a small passerine bird in the swallow family Hirundinidae. It breeds in open hilly country of southern Europe and north Africa east to Iran, Pakistan and northwest India. During winter it migrates to Africa and southwest Asia.

    Eastern Red-rumped Swallow - Cecropis daurica - Birds of the …

    Oct 22, 2024 · Eastern Red-rumped Swallow (Cecropis daurica), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (B. K. Keeney, S. M. Billerman, and N. D. Sly, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.y00621.01

    Eastern Red-rumped Swallow - Birds of the World

    Oct 22, 2024 · Plumage is much like the adult, but overall browner and duller, with a paler rump, head sides and collar, and broad buff tips to the wing coverts and tertials. The outer tail feathers are shorter (resulting in a noticeably shallower tail fork).

    European/African/Eastern Red-rumped Swallow - Range Map

    The range map depicts the boundary of the species' range, defined as the areas where the species is estimated to occur within at least one week within each season. eBird Data from 2008-2022. Estimated for 2022.

    Eastern Red-rumped Swallow! - Yoav Perlman

    Yesterday (January 30th, 2025) news broke of an Eastern red-rumped Swallow at IBRCE Eilat, found by the excellent young IBRCE team members, Zvi Schwarzfuchs and Noah Konopny. If accepted, this will become the 4th record in Israel.

    Eastern Red-rumped Swallow set to be added to British list

    Jun 26, 2024 · Eastern Red-rumped Swallow, which has occurred twice in Britain, is set to become a new addition to the British list, following taxonomic changes confirmed by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC).

    Feb 1, 2025 · Explore millions of photos, audio recordings, and videos of birds and other animals; powered by Macaulay Library and eBird. The Macaulay Library collects, archives, and distributes wildlife media for research, education, and conservation.