effluent

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      Effluent is wastewater from sewers or industrial outfalls that flows directly into surface waters, either untreated or after being treated at a facility. The term has slightly different meanings in certain contexts, and may contain various pollutants depending on the source.


      Definition


      Effluent is defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "wastewater–treated or untreated–that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters". The Compact Oxford English Dictionary defines effluent as "liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea". Wastewater is not usually described as effluent while being recycled, re-used, or treated until it is released to surface water. Wastewater percolated or injected into groundwater may not be described as effluent if soil is assumed to perform treatment by filtration or ion exchange; although concealed flow through fractured bedrock, lava tubes, limestone caves, or gravel in ancient stream channels may allow relatively untreated wastewater to emerge as springs.


      Description


      Effluent in the artificial sense is in general considered to be water pollution, such as the outflow from a sewage treatment facility or an industrial wastewater discharge. An effluent sump pump, for instance, pumps waste from toilets installed below a main sewage line. In the context of waste water treatment plants, effluent that has been treated is sometimes called secondary effluent, or treated effluent. This cleaner effluent is then used to feed the bacteria in biofilters.
      In the context of a thermal power station and other industrial facilities, the output of the cooling system may be referred to as the effluent cooling water, which is noticeably warmer than the environment and is called thermal pollution.: 375  In chemical engineering practice, effluent is the stream exiting a chemical reactor.
      Effluent may carry pollutants such as fats, oils and greases; solvents, detergents and other chemicals; heavy metal; other solids; and food waste. Possible sources include a wide range of manufacturing industries, mining industries, oil and gas extraction, and service industries.


      Treatment



      There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at the appropriate type of treatment plant. Domestic wastewater (also called municipal wastewater or sewage) is processed at a sewage treatment plant. For industrial wastewater, treatment either takes place in a separate industrial wastewater treatment facility, or in a sewage treatment plant (usually after some form of pre-treatment). Other types of wastewater treatment plants include agricultural wastewater treatment and leachate treatment plants.
      Treating wastewater efficiently is challenging, but improved technology allows for enhanced removal of specific materials, increased re-use of water, and energy production from waste.


      Pollution control regulation




      = United States effluent guidelines

      =
      In the United States, the Clean Water Act requires all direct effluent discharges to surface waters to be regulated with permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Indirect dischargers–facilities which send their wastewater to municipal sewage treatment plants–may be subject to pretreatment requirements. NPDES permits require discharging facilities to limit or treat effluent to the levels that result from using the most effective treatment technologies possible at a practical cost to mitigate the effects of discharges on the receiving waters. EPA has published technology-based regulations, called "effluent guidelines", for 59 industrial categories. The agency reviews the standards annually, conducts research on various categories, and makes revisions as appropriate. Noncompliance with these standards and all other conditions in the permits is punishable by law. Each year, effluent guidelines regulations prevent billions of pounds of contaminants from being released into bodies of water.
      EPA regulations require effluent limitations to be expressed as mass-based limits (rather than concentration-based limits) in the permits, so that discharging facilities will not use dilution as a substitute for treatment. In cases where setting mass-based limits are infeasible, the permit authority must set conditions in the permit that prohibit dilution.


      = United States sewage treatment standards

      =
      The U.S. "Secondary Treatment Regulation" is the national standard for municipal sewage treatment plants.


      See also



      Agricultural wastewater treatment
      Effluent guidelines (U.S. wastewater regulations)
      Effluent limitation
      Industrial wastewater treatment
      Stormwater
      Surface runoff


      References

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    Effluent Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    The meaning of EFFLUENT is flowing out : emanating, outgoing. How to use effluent in a sentence. Did you know?

    Effluent - Wikipedia

    Effluent is wastewater from sewers or industrial outfalls that flows directly into surface waters, either untreated or after being treated at a facility. [1] The term has slightly different meanings in certain contexts, and may contain various pollutants depending on the source.

    What is Effluent? - Wastewater Digest

    Oct 27, 2021 · Effluent is sewage that has been treated in a septic tank or sewage treatment plant. It is also referred to as “trade effluent” or “wastewater.” Effluent is waste other than waste from kitchens or toilets, surface water or domestic sewage. It can be produced and discharged by any industrial or commercial premises.

    EFFLUENT | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary

    EFFLUENT meaning: 1. liquid waste that is sent out from factories or places where sewage is dealt with, usually…. Learn more.

    Effluent vs. Influent — What’s the Difference?

    May 29, 2024 · Effluent and influent are terms often associated with water treatment and environmental engineering. Effluent refers to the liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea. In contrast, influent denotes any incoming water or liquid flowing into a …

    EFFLUENT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary

    EFFLUENT definition: 1. liquid waste that is sent out from factories or places where sewage is dealt with, usually…. Learn more.

    What Is Effluent In Wastewater Treatment - Water & Wastewater

    Effluent is a term primarily used in the context of wastewater treatment and environmental science to refer to wastewater—either treated or untreated—that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. It plays a crucial role in the field of waste …

    What is Effluent and Why do We Need to Manage and Monitor it?

    Sep 2, 2024 · Effluent is a term that refers to liquid waste or sewage that is discharged into the environment from various sources. It is typically associated with wastewater from industrial processes,...

    EFFLUENT Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com

    something that flows out or forth; outflow; effluence. sewage that has been treated in a septic tank or sewage treatment plant. An outflow or discharge of liquid waste, as from a sewage system, …

    EFFLUENT definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary

    Effluent is any liquid which is discharged to the environment from factories, houses, etc.