- Elagabalus
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- Elagabalus
- Elagabalus (deity)
- Macrinus
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- Julia Maesa
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- Battle of Antioch (218)
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- Elagabalus's stone | History Forum
- Was Emperor Elagabalus a Transgender? - History Forum
- Why the heck is Elagabalus a woman? - Paradox Interactive Forums
- Empress Heliogablus (Elagabalus) | Paradox Interactive Forums
- Elagabalus | History Forum
- Was Emperor Elagabalus a Transgender? | Page 2 - History Forum
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- Was Emperor Elagabalus a Transgender? | Page 3 - History Forum
- Physical Appearance of Roman Emperors - History Forum
- The worst Roman Emperor | History Forum
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Elagabalus (Varius Avitus Bassianus; lahir sekitar 203 M - meninggal 11 Maret 222 M) adalah seorang Kaisar Romawi yang memerintah dari tahun 218 hingga 222 M. Ia berasal dari Dinasti Severa dan naik takhta pada usia 14 tahun melalui kudeta militer yang didukung oleh neneknya, Julia Maesa. Pemerintahannya yang kontroversial ditandai oleh tindakan yang dianggap tidak ortodoks oleh masyarakat Romawi, terutama terkait reformasi agama dan perilaku pribadinya. Elagabalus sering kali dikenang sebagai salah satu kaisar paling eksentrik dan kontroversial dalam sejarah Romawi.
Kehidupan Awal
Elagabalus lahir dengan nama Varius Avitus Bassianus di Emesa (kini Homs, Suriah), sebuah kota di provinsi Romawi Suriah. Ia adalah putra dari Sextus Varius Marcellus, seorang senator Romawi, dan Julia Soaemias Bassiana, yang berasal dari keluarga bangsawan Suriah. Melalui ibunya, Elagabalus merupakan cucu dari Julia Maesa, saudara perempuan Julia Domna, istri Kaisar Septimius Severus.
Nama "Elagabalus" berasal dari dewa utama yang dipuja di Emesa, Elagabal (atau El-Gabal), di mana Elagabalus juga menjabat sebagai imam besar pada usia muda.
Naik Takhta
Pada tahun 217 M, Kaisar Caracalla, anggota terakhir dinasti Severa, dibunuh atas perintah kepala pengawalnya, Macrinus, yang kemudian menjadi kaisar. Julia Maesa, yang tinggal di Suriah, memanfaatkan ketidakpuasan terhadap Macrinus untuk mengangkat cucunya, Elagabalus, sebagai kaisar.
Dengan mengklaim bahwa Elagabalus adalah putra tidak sah Caracalla, Julia Maesa menggalang dukungan dari legiun Romawi di Suriah. Setelah serangkaian pertempuran, pasukan Macrinus dikalahkan, dan Elagabalus dinyatakan sebagai kaisar pada Juni 218 M.
Pemerintahan
= Reformasi Agama
=Sebagai imam besar Elagabal, Elagabalus membawa kultus dewa tersebut ke Roma dan menjadikannya sebagai agama utama kekaisaran. Ia membangun sebuah kuil megah di Bukit Palatine, yang disebut Elagabalium, untuk menyembah Elagabal.
Tindakan ini menimbulkan kontroversi besar karena bertentangan dengan tradisi Romawi yang mengutamakan politeisme dan dewa-dewa Romawi. Elagabalus juga dikenal memaksa senat untuk mengambil bagian dalam ritual asing yang melibatkan tarian dan prosesi.
= Kebijakan Sosial dan Ekonomi
=Kaisar muda ini sering mengabaikan urusan administrasi kekaisaran, yang sebagian besar dikelola oleh neneknya dan ibunya. Kebijakan ekonomi pada masa pemerintahannya tidak mencatat perubahan signifikan, tetapi distribusi hadiah kepada tentara dan rakyat memperburuk kondisi keuangan negara.
= Gaya Hidup dan Kontroversi Pribadi
=Elagabalus terkenal karena perilakunya yang eksentrik dan gaya hidup mewah. Ia diduga memiliki beberapa hubungan homoseksual dan biseksual, termasuk dengan pengawal kekaisarannya. Selain itu, ia beberapa kali menikah, termasuk dengan seorang imam besar dewi Vesta, yang melanggar tabu agama Romawi.
Sumber-sumber sejarah seperti Historia Augusta sering menggambarkan Elagabalus dengan cara yang sangat negatif, meskipun bias dari penulis kuno terhadapnya telah diperdebatkan oleh para sejarawan modern.
= Kejatuhan dan Kematian
=Ketidakpuasan terhadap Elagabalus meningkat akibat kebijakan agama yang radikal dan gaya hidupnya yang dianggap tidak pantas. Pada tahun 222 M, ia digulingkan melalui konspirasi yang didukung oleh neneknya sendiri, Julia Maesa, yang mendukung cucunya yang lain, Alexander Severus.
Pada 11 Maret 222 M, Elagabalus dan ibunya dibunuh oleh Garda Praetoria. Jenazahnya dibuang ke Sungai Tiber setelah sebelumnya dipermalukan. Alexander Severus kemudian dinyatakan sebagai kaisar baru.
Warisan
Pemerintahan Elagabalus dikenang sebagai salah satu periode paling kacau dalam sejarah Romawi. Upayanya untuk memaksakan kultus Elagabal sebagai agama utama meninggalkan kesan mendalam dalam ingatan publik Romawi.
Sejarawan modern menilai Elagabalus dengan sudut pandang yang lebih seimbang, mencatat bahwa sumber-sumber kuno sering dilebih-lebihkan atau dipengaruhi oleh bias. Namun, reputasinya tetap buruk di mata sejarah tradisional.
Referensi
Dio Cassius, Roman History.
Herodian, History of the Roman Empire.
Historia Augusta, Life of Elagabalus.
Bowersock, G.W., Roman Arabia.
Pranala luar
Media tentang Elagabalus di Wikimedia Commons
Kutipan tentang Elagabalus di Wikikutip
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
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Elagabalus - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
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Elagabalus - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
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Elagabalus - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
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Elagabalus - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
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Elagabalus: The Eccentric Emperor of the Severan Dynasty - Malevus
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Elagabalus - World History Encyclopedia
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Elagabalus : ABC iview
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Elagabalus | Kallos Gallery
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Elagabalus's stone | History Forum
Jan 29, 2025 · Elagabalus was from Syria, and brought to Rome a sacred stone for which he built a temple. After his assassination by the Praetorian Guard he was chucked into the Tiber. I'm wondering what became of the stone. Supposedly it made its way back to Syria. I'm surprised it didn't join Elagabalus in the river. If it's extant I can't find it.
Was Emperor Elagabalus a Transgender? - History Forum
Jul 17, 2019 · Elagabalus died at eighteen, after ruling for only four years. After her death, the Roman Senate had her erased from the history of Rome, which is a part of why information about her is so scarce and often so unreliable. What we know is that Elagabalus wasn’t a good leader, and probably not that great of a person either.
Why the heck is Elagabalus a woman? - Paradox Interactive Forums
Oct 25, 2020 · Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius Felix Augustus (posthumously known by the name of the god Elagabalus) was a contentious figure at the time for reasons including divergence from the religious and sexual norms of Roman society, and the nature of the historical record means that contentiousness will never stop.
Empress Heliogablus (Elagabalus) | Paradox Interactive Forums
Jan 3, 2024 · That said, unless we can't reliably prove that Elagabalus wanted or didn't want to be a woman, I'll probably go with the gender attributed traditionally by historians for the list, but I also add that we, as contemporary people, can't really debate properly on the gender identity of someone lived around eighteen hundred years ago when all that ...
Elagabalus | History Forum
This is one of the roman Emperors that i dont anything about, could you tell me about him did he do something bad? Good?, What did he look like, what kind of person he was, did he help Rome, was he a effective leader or some other stuff? Tell me
Was Emperor Elagabalus a Transgender? | Page 2 - History Forum
Jul 17, 2019 · The praetorian guard in 218, when Elagabalus seized power in the east, was probably not filled with many Syrians, but it fought for Macrinus against the legions loyal to Elagabalus and lost. It is possible that Elagabalus later filled the praetorian ranks with soldiers more likely to be loyal, since this had also been the practice of Vespasian ...
Whatever happened to Aquilia Severa? | History Forum
Jun 22, 2018 · Aquilia Severa was empress of Rome briefly through her marriage to Elagabalus, the eccentric and decadent boy emperor of Rome. She was also, whatsoever, a vestal virgin. The infamous punishment for vestals who broke their 30-years long vow of chastity was descending into the Campus Sceleratus...
Was Emperor Elagabalus a Transgender? | Page 3 - History Forum
Jul 20, 2019 · On the child sacrifice allegation against Elagabalus(also known as Heliogabalus) We can see that Dio is disagreed with by other scholars. Still I find interesting to read about what any scholar contemporary or not has to say about Elagabalus. Heliogabalus is …
Physical Appearance of Roman Emperors - History Forum
Dec 28, 2011 · Elagabalus Little is known of the youthful Elagabalus' features except that he appears to have been the first emperor in exactly a century to neglect growing a beard. Severus Alexander Like Caracalla Alexander wore a neatly-trimmed …
The worst Roman Emperor | History Forum
Mar 31, 2012 · Who in your opinion is the worst roman Emperor? I made a selection of four, but if you are from the opinion someone else furfilles that spot you can always chose the ''other'' option. - Caligula - Elagabalus - Commodus - Nero - Other (please do explain)