ependyma

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    The ependyma is the thin neuroepithelial (simple columnar ciliated epithelium) lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. The ependyma is one of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system (CNS). It is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and is shown to serve as a reservoir for neuroregeneration.


    Structure


    The ependyma is made up of ependymal cells called ependymocytes, a type of glial cell. These cells line the ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, which become filled with cerebrospinal fluid. These are nervous tissue cells with simple columnar shape, much like that of some mucosal epithelial cells. Early monociliated ependymal cells are differentiated to multiciliated ependymal cells for their function in circulating cerebrospinal fluid.
    The basal membranes of these cells are characterized by tentacle-like extensions that attach to astrocytes. The apical side is covered in cilia and microvilli.


    Function




    = Cerebrospinal fluid

    =
    Lining the CSF-filled ventricles, and spinal canal, the ependymal cells play an important role in the production and regulation of CSF. Their apical surfaces are covered in a layer of cilia, which circulate CSF around the CNS. Their apical surfaces are also covered with microvilli, which absorb CSF. Within the ventricles of the brain, a population of modified ependymal cells and capillaries together known as the tela choroidea form a structure called the choroid plexus, which produces the CSF.
    Modified tight junctions between epithelial cells control fluid release. This release allows free exchange between CSF and nervous tissue of brain and spinal cord. This is why sampling of CSF, such as through a spinal tap, provides information about the whole CNS.


    = Neuroregeneration

    =
    Jonas Frisén and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm provided evidence that ependymal cells act as reservoir cells in the forebrain, which can be activated after stroke and as in vivo and in vitro stem cells in the spinal cord. However, these cells did not self-renew and were subsequently depleted as they generated new neurons, thus failing to satisfy the requirement for stem cells. One study observed that ependymal cells from the lining of the lateral ventricle might be a source for cells which can be transplanted into the cochlea to reverse hearing loss.


    Clinical significance


    Ependymoma is a tumor of the ependymal cells most commonly found in the fourth ventricle.


    See also


    Ependymin, glycoprotein isolated from the ependyma
    Tanycyte
    Neuroglia


    References




    External links



    Illustrations at ucsf.edu
    Atlas at mcg.edu

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Ependyma - Wikipedia

The ependyma is the thin neuroepithelial (simple columnar ciliated epithelium) lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. [1] The ependyma is one of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system (CNS).

Ependymal Cell - The Definitive Guide | Biology Dictionary

Apr 26, 2021 · An ependymal cell is a type of glial cell that forms the ependyma, a thin membrane that lines the ventricles of the brain and the central column of the spinal cord. Their main function is to secrete, circulate, and maintain homeostasis of the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the ventricles of the central nervous system.

Roles of Ependymal Cells in the Physiology and Pathology of the …

Astrocytes acquire morphological and functional characteristics of ependymal cells following disruption of ependyma in hydrocephalus. Acta Neuropathologica, 124:531-546. [ DOI ] [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]

Ependyma - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS

Ependyma is a type of connective tissue cell (or neuroglia) in the central nervous system that forms an epithelial lining in the ventricular system. These cells, also called ependymocytes, create a barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid by …

The ependyma: a protective barrier between brain and cerebrospinal ...

This review summarizes the current scientific literature concerning the ependymal lining of the cerebral ventricles of the brain with an emphasis on selective barrier function and protective roles for the common ependymal cell. Topics covered include the development, morphology, protein and enzyme e …

Ependymoma: Diagnosis and Treatment - NCI - National Cancer …

An ependymoma is a primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor. This means it begins in the brain or spinal cord. To get an accurate diagnosis, a piece of tumor tissue will be removed during surgery, if possible.A neuropathologist should then review the tumor tissue.. What Are the Grades of Ependymomas? Primary CNS tumors are graded based on a tumor tissue analysis …

What is Ependyma? - Answr

Feb 15, 2025 · Ependyma (eh-PEN-dih-muh) is a thin membrane lining the fluid-filled spaces in the brain and spinal cord. It is essentially a protective layer composed of specialized cells. Key Features of Ependyma. Location: Lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Composition: Made up of ependymal cells, a type of glial cell. Function: Helps …

Ependymal cells: Histology and function - Kenhub

Oct 30, 2023 · The choroid plexus is formed by vascularized invaginations of this neuroepithelium and is lined luminally by the ependymal cells, also known as the ependyma. Functionally, ependymal cells are responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the brain , producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forming the blood–CSF barrier through tight junctions ...

Ependymoma - Overview - Mayo Clinic

Dec 19, 2024 · Ependymoma. Ependymoma is a growth of cells that forms in the brain or spinal cord. The cells form a mass called a tumor. Ependymoma begins in the ependymal cells.

Ependyma - ScienceDirect

Jan 1, 2020 · Secondary Brain Injury Following Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: The Role of the Ciliated Ependyma