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      External Data Representation (XDR) is a standard data serialization format, for uses such as computer network protocols. It allows data to be transferred between different kinds of computer systems. Converting from the local representation to XDR is called encoding. Converting from XDR to the local representation is called decoding. XDR is implemented as a software library of functions which is portable between different operating systems and is also independent of the transport layer.
      XDR uses a base unit of 4 bytes, serialized in big-endian order; smaller data types still occupy four bytes each after encoding. Variable-length types such as string and opaque are padded to a total divisible by four bytes. Floating-point numbers are represented in IEEE 754 format.


      History


      XDR was developed in the mid 1980s at Sun Microsystems, and first widely published in 1987.
      XDR became an IETF standard in 1995.
      The XDR data format is in use by many systems, including:

      Network File System (protocol)
      ZFS File System
      NDMP Network Data Management Protocol
      Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call
      Legato NetWorker backup software (later sold by EMC)
      NetCDF (a scientific data format)
      The R language and environment for statistical computing
      The HTTP-NG Binary Wire Protocol
      The SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine, to serialize/deserialize compiled JavaScript code
      The Ganglia distributed monitoring system
      The sFlow network monitoring standard
      The libvirt virtualization library, API and UI
      The Firebird (database server) for Remote Binary Wire Protocol
      Stellar Payment Network


      XDR data types


      boolean
      int – 32-bit integer
      unsigned int – unsigned 32-bit integer
      hyper – 64-bit integer
      unsigned hyper – unsigned 64-bit integer
      IEEE float
      IEEE double
      quadruple (new in RFC1832)
      enumeration
      structure
      string
      fixed length array
      variable length array
      union – discriminated union
      fixed length opaque data
      variable length opaque data
      void – zero byte quantity
      optional – optional data is notated similarly to C pointers, but is represented as the data type "pointed to" with a Boolean "present or not" flag. Semantically this is option type.


      See also


      Structured Data eXchange Format (SDXF)
      Remote Procedure Call
      Abstract Syntax Notation One
      Data Format Description Language
      Comparison of data serialization formats


      References




      External links


      The XDR standard exists in three different versions in the following RFCs:

      RFC 4506 2006 This document makes no technical changes to RFC 1832 and is published for the purposes of noting IANA considerations, augmenting security considerations, and distinguishing normative from informative references.
      RFC 1832 1995 version. Added Quadruple precision floating point to RFC 1014.
      RFC 1014 1987 version.
      Cisco's XDR: Technical Notes
      jsxdrapi.c, the main source file of SpiderMonkey that uses XDR
      protocol.cpp main xdr source file used in Firebird remote protocol
      The GNU Libc implementation of rpcgen, the XDR parser.
      Mu Dynamics Research Labs racc grammar for XDR
      IvmaiAsn ASN1/ECN/XDR Tools (a collection of tools containing an XDR/RPC-to-ASN.1 converter)

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