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The facial artery, formerly called the external maxillary artery, is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to superficial structures of the medial regions of the face.
Structure
The facial artery arises in the carotid triangle from the external carotid artery, a little above the lingual artery, and sheltered by the ramus of the mandible. It passes obliquely up beneath the digastric and stylohyoid muscles, over which it arches to enter a groove on the posterior surface of the submandibular gland.
It then curves upward over the body of the mandible at the antero-inferior angle of the masseter (the antegonial notch); passes forward and upward across the cheek to the angle of the mouth, then ascends along the side of the nose, and ends at the medial commissure of the eye, under the name of the angular artery.
The facial artery is remarkably tortuous. This is to accommodate itself to neck movements such as those of the pharynx in swallowing; and facial movements such as those of the mandible, lips, and cheeks.
Relations
In the neck, its origin is superficial, being covered by the integument, platysma, and fascia; it then passes beneath the digastric and stylohyoid muscles and part of the submandibular gland, but superficial to the hypoglossal nerve.
It lies upon the middle pharyngeal constrictor and the superior pharyngeal constrictor, the latter of which separates it, at the summit of its arch, from the lower and back part of the tonsil.
On the face, where it passes over the body of the mandible, it is comparatively superficial, lying immediately beneath the dilators of the mouth. In its course over the face, it is covered by the integument, the fat of the cheek, and, near the angle of the mouth, by the platysma, risorius, and zygomaticus major. It rests on the buccinator and levator anguli oris, and passes either over or under the infraorbital head of the levator labii superioris.
The anterior facial vein lies lateral/posterior to the artery, and takes a more direct course across the face, where it is separated from the artery by a considerable interval. In the neck it lies superficial to the artery.
The branches of the facial nerve cross the artery from behind forward.
The facial artery anastomoses with (among others) the dorsal nasal artery of the internal carotid artery.
Branches
The branches of the facial artery are:
cervical
Ascending palatine artery
Tonsillar branch
Submental artery
Glandular branches
facial
Inferior labial artery
Superior labial artery
Lateral nasal branch to nasalis muscle
Angular artery - the terminal branch
Muscles
Muscles supplied by the facial artery include:
buccinator
levator anguli oris
levator labii superioris
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
levator veli palatini
masseter
mentalis
mylohyoid
nasalis
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
platysma
procerus
risorius
styloglossus
transverse portion of the nasalis
Clinical significance
The facial artery may be punctured during maxillofacial surgery, and is likely to haemorrhage significantly.
Additional images
See also
Transverse facial artery
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 553 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
External links
"Facial artery". Medcyclopaedia. GE. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05.
Anatomy photo:23:09-0101 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Facial Artery and Vein"
Anatomy figure: 25:04-04 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Branches of the external carotid artery."
Anatomy photo:31:09-0106 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Common Carotid Artery and Branches of the External Carotid Artery"
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The facial artery, formerly called the external maxillary artery, is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to superficial structures of the medial regions of the face.
19 Jul 2023 · The facial artery is also known as the external maxillary artery. It has a tortuous route along the nasolabial fold towards the medial angle of the eye. It passes deep to the …
16 Mei 2023 · Your facial artery starts in the side of your neck and runs diagonally across your cheek. It ends just below your eye. On the way from your neck to your cheek, your facial artery …
02 Nov 2024 · The facial artery is an artery of the head and neck region. It is the fourth main branch of the external carotid artery. It contributes to the blood supply of structures in the neck …
06 Mei 2024 · The facial artery is a major vessel originating from the external carotid artery (ECA) that primarily supplies the face's superficial structures (see Image. Facial Artery). This artery …
11 Apr 2023 · The facial artery is one of the external carotid artery branches and supplies blood to the structures of the face.
The facial artery supplies the glandular tissue including the submandibular gland and palatine tonsils. It supplies muscles of facial expression, muscles found below the chin, and the soft …
