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    • Source: File integrity monitoring
    • File integrity monitoring (FIM) is an internal control or process that performs the act of validating the integrity of operating system and application software files using a verification method between the current file state and a known, good baseline. This comparison method often involves calculating a known cryptographic checksum of the file's original baseline and comparing with the calculated checksum of the current state of the file. Other file attributes can also be used to monitor integrity.
      Generally, the act of performing file integrity monitoring is automated using internal controls such as an application or process. Such monitoring can be performed randomly, at a defined polling interval, or in real-time.


      Security objectives


      Changes to configurations, files and file attributes across the IT infrastructure are common, but hidden within a large volume of daily changes can be the few that impact file or configuration integrity. These changes can also reduce security posture and in some cases may be leading indicators of a breach in progress. Values monitored for unexpected changes to files or configuration items include:

      Credentials
      Privileges and security settings
      Content
      Core attributes and size
      Hash values
      Configuration values


      Compliance objectives


      Multiple compliance objectives indicate file integrity monitoring as a requirement. Several examples of compliance objectives with the requirement for file integrity monitoring include:

      PCI DSS - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (Requirement 11.5)
      SOX - Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Section 404)
      NERC CIP - NERC CIP Standard (CIP-010-2)
      FISMA - Federal Information Security Management Act (NIST SP800-53 Rev3)
      HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (NIST Publication 800-66)
      SANS Critical Security Controls (Control 3)


      See also


      Procedures and algorithms:

      Checksum
      File verification
      Applications, some examples (where FIM is used) include:

      Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment
      Another File Integrity ChecKer
      BeyondTrust
      CimTrak
      CloudPassage
      Evolven
      Kaspersky Lab Hybrid Cloud Security, Embedded Security, Security for Linux, Security for Windows Server
      LimaCharlie
      Lockpath Blacklight
      LogRhythm
      McAfee Change Control
      Netwrix Change Tracker
      OSSEC
      Qualys
      Samhain
      Splunk
      System File Checker (provided with Windows)
      Tanium Integrity Monitor
      Trend Micro Deep Security
      Logsign USO Platform
      Tripwire products
      Trustwave


      References

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