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Fort Siloso GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
Fort Siloso is a decommissioned coastal artillery battery in Sentosa, Singapore. It consists of 12 such batteries which made up "Fortress Singapore" at the start of World War II, and saw action during the Battle of Singapore. The fort is now a military museum open to the public. The Surrender Chambers in Fort Siloso reopened in June 2017 with a refreshed exhibition and free admission.
History
= Construction
=
The word "Siloso" of the fort's name is derived from a Malayan word meaning "rock". There was a huge rock at the mouth of Singapore's harbour which imposed a hazard to passing shipping. With trade ever flourishing in Singapore since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, it became necessary to protect Singapore's port. Based on the report by Major Edward Lake of the British Royal Engineers, a fort was decided to be built on Pulau Blakang Mati (Sentosa) in 1874 to protect Keppel Harbour. As part of the planned fortifications, Mount Siloso's top was blown off to flatten it for the installation of coastal-artillery gun platforms. By the 1880s, several gun batteries were located on Mount Siloso and Mount Serapong (facing north towards mainland Singapore on Sentosa's northern coast) on Pulau Blakang Mati, becoming a stronghold of British naval defences in Singapore. Fort Siloso was built in 1878.
= Armament
=
By the 1880s, Fort Siloso possessed 7-inch guns and two 64-pounder guns. In the 1890s, five 10-inch guns were also installed. These guns were operated automatically and powered from an underground electric-powerhouse. In the 1930s, twin 6-pounder guns, Quick-Firing anti-torpedo-boat guns, five large searchlights, an Operational Tower (for overall command and control), two machine-gun nests and two twin-Lewis anti-aircraft machine guns were added due to reports of an impending war (rising from an ever military-ambitious Imperial Japan). The fort was manned by both the British Royal Artillery and the locally formed Singapore Artillery Corps.
= World War II
=
The forts were designed and built to defend Singapore against an invasion by sea from the south. However, during the Battle of Singapore in February 1942, the guns were instead turned 180 degrees inland to fire at rapidly-advancing Japanese forces approaching Singapore from the north (via British Malaya). The fort's guns were fired at encroaching Japanese positions and troops who were pushing towards the city-area northwest from Tengah Airfield. The British and local troops who were retreating from the overrun Pasir Laba Battery (in Singapore's northwest) and heading back to friendly British lines via the sea were mistaken for Japanese troops and fired upon, with at least major casualties sustained.
The building at the entrance of Fort Siloso is now known as the Surrender Chambers and has a vivid portrayal of the scenes of the British and Japanese surrenders in WWII with actual footage of the war being played interactively. This is on the upper storey, with the ground floor having been turned into a souvenir shop. During the Japanese occupation of Singapore from 1942 to 1945, the fort was used as a small prisoner-of-war camp.
= Post-World War II
=
After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Royal Navy occupied the fort in 1946 and its guns were manned by the 1st Malay Coast Battery and Royal Artillery. Gurkha detachments from British India took over manning the guns when the British gunners were withdrawn and the 1st Malay Coast Battery was disbanded sometime later in 1946. During the Konfrontasi period between Sukarno's Indonesia and the Malaysian Federation from 1963 to 1965, Fort Siloso was manned by the 10th Gurkha Rifles to prevent Indonesian military-trained saboteurs from landing on Sentosa and Keppel Harbour slightly inland.
Fort Siloso became a Catholic retreat for locally based British forces until Sentosa was handed over to the Singapore government following the British military withdrawal starting in 1967. The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) then took control over the fort.
Fort Siloso was then converted into a military museum in 1974, displaying its history and various naval guns. Other coastal guns (both British and Japanese) from different parts of Singapore, such as a pair of Japanese naval cannons discovered and brought over from Mandai, were put here for display. It had previously held the display of the British surrender of Singapore in February 1942 until its relocation to the Former Ford Factory (the actual site of the British surrender) in Bukit Timah in February 2006.
Plans for the gazetting of Fort Siloso into a national monument began in June 2016 as it is also a wartime museum, and also a military museum dedicated to Republic of Singapore Navy. Fort Siloso was gazetted on 15 February 2022.
See also
List of tourist attractions in Singapore
Singapore strategy
References
External links
Page on Fort Siloso
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Fort Siloso: Front Page
Visiting Fort Siloso Admission to the fort is free, and there are guides for visitors who wish to make pay for a guided tour. Inside the fort is the Surrender Chamber, in which are displays of the …
Fort Siloso: History - Background
The work on Mount Siloso would defend the Western entrance of the New Harbour; sweep the front of Blakan Mati and the south western coast of the island of Singapore; and also bring a …
Fort Siloso: History — 1946-Present
Fort Siloso was retained by the British Armed Forces. It became a religious Retreat Centre for Catholics serving in the forces. The 2nd Battalion, 7th Duke of Edinburgh’s Own Gurkha Rifles …
Fort Siloso: Gun Batteries and Defences
Fort Silingsing dates from 1897. The Serapong Battery includes the earlier Spur 9·2 Inch BL Battery.
Fort Siloso: Batu Berlayar AMTB Battery
The two narrow arcs above and below the D.E.Ls., are long range 3° Fighting lights for the recommended Labrador and Siloso 6 Inch BL Batteries. Batu Berlayar only got three of the …
Fort Siloso: The Guns of Singapore
Many different type of coast artillery gun have been emplaced in Singapore, from smooth bore muzzle loading cannon up to the massive 15 Inch BL Guns. From the first gun battery at …
Fort Siloso — A Soldier’s Home
Home for the soldier at the new Fort Siloso was what on early plans is called, an “Attap Shed For Troops”. Close by were two smaller buildings, a Cookhouse and a Washroom. All of these …
Fort Siloso: The Gun Museum
One of four 8 Inch Guns emplaced in Singapore is displayed at Fort Siloso. Prior to the gun being displayed at Fort Siloso, it was mounted at Blakang Mati’s football field. It was brought to the …
Fort Siloso: History — War Diaries
13th and 14th February: The Siloso guns were turned on the oil installations on Pulau Bukom and Pulau Sebarok to the south west of Blakang Mati. This action was carried out in an attempt to …
Fort Siloso: Beting Kusah 6 Inch Battery
After the war, the No.1 Gun was moved to Fort Siloso to re-arm the Battery there. Beting Kusah was never re-armed, although it was recommended that it should be. LEFT: The No.1 Gun …
