francisella

      Francisella GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      Francisella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. They are small coccobacillary or rod-shaped, nonmotile organisms, which are also facultative intracellular parasites of macrophages. Strict aerobes, Francisella colonies bear a morphological resemblance to those of the genus Brucella. Some Francisella species are pathogenic bacteria but some others are endosymbionts of ticks. Ticks do not use any other food source than vertebrate blood and therefore ingest high levels of protein, iron and salt, but few vitamins. To overcome these nutritional deficiencies, ticks have evolved obligate interactions with nutritional endosymbionts, including Francisella endosymbionts. Their experimental elimination typically results in decreased tick survival, molting, fecundity and egg viability, as well as in physical abnormalities, which all are fully restored with an oral supplement of B vitamins. The genome sequencing of Francisella endosymbionts confirmed that they consistently produce three B vitamin types, biotin (vitamin B7), riboflavin (B2) and folate (B9). Francisella endosymbionts are often misidentified as Francisella tularensis; however, Francisella endosymbionts lack virulence genes and cannot infect humans.
      The genus was named in honor of American bacteriologist Edward Francis, who, in 1922, first recognized F. tularensis (then named Bacterium tularensis) as the causative agent of tularemia.


      Pathogenesis


      The type species, F. tularensis, causes the disease tularemia or rabbit fever. F. novicida and F. philomiragia (previously Yersinia philomiragia) are associated with sepsis and invasive systemic infections.
      Francisella has been detected in ticks


      Taxonomy


      The taxonomy of the genus is somewhat uncertain, especially in the case of F. novicida (may be a subspecies of F. tularensis). In general, identification of species is accomplished by biochemical profiling or 16S rRNA sequencing. An updated phylogeny based on whole genome sequencing has recently been published showing the genus Francisella could be divided into two main genetic clades: one including F. tularensis, F. novicida and F. hispaniensis, and another including F. philomiragia and F. noatunensis.


      Laboratory characteristics


      Francisella species can survive for several weeks in the environment; paradoxically, they can be difficult to culture and maintain in the laboratory. Growth is slow (though increased by CO2 supplementation) and the organisms are fastidious, with most Francisella strains requiring cystine and cysteine media supplementation for growth. Growth has been successful on several media types, including chocolate agar and Thayer–Martin medium with appropriate additives as noted above. Attempted isolation on MacConkey agar is not reliable or generally successful.
      After 24 hours of incubation on appropriate solid media, Francisella colonies are generally small (1 to 2 mm), opaque, and white-gray to bluish-gray in color. Colonies are smooth, with clean edges and, after a 48 hours of growth, tend to have a shiny surface.


      References




      External links


      Francisella genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID
      Francisella in Cod

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    Francisella - Wikipedia

    Francisella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. They are small coccobacillary or rod-shaped, nonmotile organisms, which are also facultative intracellular parasites of macrophages. [1] Strict aerobes, Francisella colonies bear a morphological resemblance to …

    About Tularemia | Tularemia | CDC

    May 15, 2024 · Tularemia is a potentially serious illness caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. People can become infected in several different ways, including tick and deer fly bites, and contact with infected animals (especially rodents, rabbits, and hares).

    Francisella tularensis - Wikipedia

    Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic species of Gram-negative coccobacillus, an aerobic bacterium. [1] It is nonspore-forming, nonmotile, [ 2 ] and the causative agent of tularemia , the pneumonic form of which is often lethal without treatment.

    Tularemia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention - Cleveland Clinic

    Tularemia is an illness you get from the bacterium Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis). It causes your lymph nodes to painfully swell and other symptoms in your lungs, eyes, throat and intestines, depending on where the bacteria infects you.

    How Tularemia Spreads | Tularemia | CDC - Centers for Disease …

    May 15, 2024 · Francisella tularensis, the bacterium that causes tularemia, is highly infectious and can enter the human body through the skin, eyes, mouth, or lungs. Symptoms of infection vary depending on the route of entry (described below).

    Tularemia - Wikipedia

    Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. [4] Symptoms may include fever, skin ulcers, and enlarged lymph nodes. [3] Occasionally, a form that results in pneumonia or a throat infection may occur. [3]

    Tularemia - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

    Jul 17, 2023 · Tularemia is an acute febrile zoonotic illness caused by the highly infectious Gram-negative organism Francisella tularensis. It is important to maintain a high degree of clinical suspicion for tularemia infections as symptoms can vary depending on the route of infection.

    Francisella - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    Francisella is an intracellular bacterium belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria, order Thiotrichalis, and it represents the family Francisellaceae with the newly classified Allofrancisella genus (Colquhoun and Duodu, 2011; Qu et al., 2016).

    Pathogenicity and virulence of Francisella tularensis - PMC

    Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis. Depending on its entry route into the organism, F. tularensis causes different diseases, ranging from life-threatening pneumonia to less severe ulceroglandular tularaemia.

    Tularemia - Infectious Diseases - MSD Manual Professional Edition

    Tularemia is a febrile disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis; it may resemble typhoid fever. Symptoms are a primary local ulcerative lesion, regional lymphadenopathy, profound systemic symptoms, and, occasionally, atypical pneumonia.