- Inward-rectifier potassium channel
- G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
- Potassium channel
- Ion channel
- G protein
- Potassium channel blocker
- Potassium channel opener
- Calcium channel blocker
- G protein-gated ion channel
- Two-pore-domain potassium channel
- Structural mechanism underlying G protein family-specific
- G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channel
- G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels in …
- G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channel
- Inwardly rectifying potassium channels: their structure, function, …
- Emerging roles for G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium …
- Direct modulation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium ...
- Structural mechanism underlying G protein family-specific …
- Activation and inhibition of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying ...
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The G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are a family of lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channels which are activated (opened) by the signaling lipid PIP2 and a signal transduction cascade starting with ligand-stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs in turn release activated G-protein βγ- subunits (Gβγ) from inactive heterotrimeric G protein complexes (Gαβγ). Finally, the Gβγ dimeric protein interacts with GIRK channels to open them so that they become permeable to potassium ions, resulting in hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels are a type of G protein-gated ion channels because of this direct interaction of G protein subunits with GIRK channels. The activation likely works by increasing the affinity of the channel for PIP2. In high concentration PIP2 activates the channel absent G-protein, but G-protein does not activate the channel absent PIP2.
GIRK1 to GIRK3 are distributed broadly in the central nervous system, where their distributions overlap. GIRK4, instead, is found primarily in the heart.
Subtypes
Examples
A wide variety of G protein-coupled receptors activate GIRKs, including the M2-muscarinic, A1-adenosine, α2-adrenergic, D2-dopamine, μ- δ-, and κ-opioid, 5-HT1A serotonin, somatostatin, galanin, m-Glu, GABAB, TAAR1, CB1 and CB2, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors.
Examples of GIRKs include a subset of potassium channels in the heart, which, when activated by parasympathetic signals such as acetylcholine through M2 muscarinic receptors, causes an outward current of potassium, which slows down the heart rate. These are called muscarinic potassium channels (IKACh) and are heterotetramers composed of two GIRK1 and two GIRK4 subunits.
References
External links
G+Protein-Coupled+Inwardly-Rectifying+Potassium+Channels at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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g protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
Daftar Isi
Structural mechanism underlying G protein family-specific
May 1, 2019 · G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK) plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission. GIRK is opened by the direct binding of the G protein βγ subunit...
G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channel
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are essential regulators of cell excitability in the brain. While they are implicated in a variety of neurological diseases in both …
G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels in …
May 14, 2006 · Aim: G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRK) are im-portant for neuronal signaling and membrane excitability. In the present study, we intend to …
G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channel
G-protein inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are activated by opioid receptors. GIRK channel opening is through an interaction with Gβγ subunits released from G i/o G-proteins …
Inwardly rectifying potassium channels: their structure, function, …
Inward rectification results from pore block by intracellular substances such as Mg (2+) and polyamines. Kir channel activity can be modulated by ions, phospholipids, and binding proteins.
Emerging roles for G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium …
Apr 14, 2010 · G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels hyperpolarize neurons in response to activation of many different G protein-coupled receptors and thus …
Direct modulation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium ...
Among the various ion channels, G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels serve as key mediators of neurotransmission and cellular responses to extracellular …
Structural mechanism underlying G protein family-specific …
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK) plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission. GIRK is opened by the direct binding of the G protein βγ subunit (Gβγ), …
Activation and inhibition of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying ...
G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels can be activated or inhibited by different classes of receptors, suggesting a role for G proteins in determining signaling specificity.