gaf

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Artikel: GAF GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi

• Source: GAF

GAF may refer to:




Military


General of the Air Force, US
Ghana Armed Forces
Guardia alla Frontiera, Italy




Other uses


Gaf, a Perso-Arabic letter
Gaf (Mandaeism), a demon of the Mandaean underworld
GAF Materials Corporation, an American manufacturer
General Aniline & Film, its predecessor
Gafsa – Ksar International Airport, in Tunisia
Gende language
Global Assessment of Functioning
Government Aircraft Factories, in Australia
NeoGAF, formerly Gaming-Age Forums, online video-game forum
Great American Family, a television network
Great American Faith & Living, its sister network




See also


Gaff (disambiguation)

Artikel: Gaf GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi

• Source: Gaf

Gaf (Persian: گاف; gāf), is the name of different Perso-Arabic letters, all representing /ɡ/. They are all derived from the letter kāf, with additional diacritics, such as dots and lines. It is also one of the ten letters the Persian alphabet added from the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being s̱e, xe, ẕâl, zâd, ẓâ, ġayn, pe, che, and že). In name and shape, it is a variant of kaf. Its numerical value is 5000 (see Abjad numerals). There are four forms, each used in different alphabets:

گ‎ in the Persian alphabet, Tausug written in Arabic Script
ݢ‎ in the Jawi script
ࢴ/ڮ‎ in the Pegon script
ګ‎ in Pashto




Use in Arabic


The standard practice in Egypt (for Literary and Egyptian Arabic), as in coastal Yemen and southwestern and eastern Oman, is to use ǧīm (ج‎) for /g/, while in Arabic dialects like Algerian Arabic, Hejazi Arabic and Najdi Arabic it is qāf (ق‎), so the name gāf can be used for the letter when trying to explain a pronunciation or a spelling of a word, whether the word is foreign or dialectal.
If not gāf (گ‎), kāf (ك‎) has been traditionally used in the Levant and Iraq for /g/. In Iraq, gāf (گ‎) is more used. In Morocco, gāf (ݣ‎) or kāf (ك‎) is used. In Tunisia and Algeria, ڨ‎ or qāf ق‎ is used.
Ġayn (غ‎) is preferred in the Levant (nowadays) and by Al Jazeera TV channel to represent /ɡ/, e.g., هونغ كونغ (Hong Kong) and غاندالف (Gandalf). Foreign publications and TV channels in Arabic, e.g. Deutsche Welle and Alhurra, follow this practice.




Variant forms






= Kaf with line

=
The most common form of gāf (گ‎) is based on kāf with an additional line. It is rarely used in Standard Arabic itself but is used to represent the sound /ɡ/ when writing other languages.

When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as כ׳ kaph and a geresh.
It is frequently used in Persian, Pashto, Uyghur, Urdu and Kurdish, and is one of four Perso-Arabic letters not found in Arabic. It is also commonly used in Mesopotamian Arabic.




= Kaf with ring

=
In Pashto, this letter is used for /ɡ/.




= Kaf with single dot above

=
This gāf (ݢ‎) is derived from a variant form of kāf (ک‎), with the addition of a dot. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Jawi script to represent /ɡ/.

Unicode includes two forms on this letter: one based on the standard Arabic kāf (ك‎), and one based on the variant form (ک‎). The latter is the preferred form.




= Kaf with three dots below

=
This letter (ڮ‎) is derived from a form of kāf (ك‎), with the addition of three dots below.




= Gaf with inverted stroke

=
In Chechen, Kabardian, and Adyghe, the Arabic character ࢰ‎ is used to spell /kʼ/ or /t͡ʃʼ/. In Chechen, ⟨گ‎⟩ is alternatively used as well.




= Kaf with a dot below

=
This letter (ࢴ‎) is derived from a form of kāf (ك‎), with the addition of three a dot below. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Arwi alphabet for the Tamil language and the Pegon script for Indonesian languages to represent /ɡ/.




= Kaf with three dots

=

The letter ڭ‎ is used in Berber and Moroccan Arabic to represent /ɡ/. Examples of its use include city names (e.g., Agadir: أݣادير‎) and family names (e.g., El Guerrouj: الݣروج‎). The preferred form is ڭ‎.

It was also used in Ottoman Turkish for /ŋ/. Both forms are based on variant forms of kāf (ك‎/ک‎), with the addition of three dots. The preferred form is ݣ‎.




Character encoding






See also


ڨ‎, a letter derived from qāf and used for /ɡ/ in Tunisia and Algeria
Ng (Arabic letter)
Gueh
Ayin
Ghayn




References






External links


Notes on some Unicode Arabic characters: recommendations for usage (PDF)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Gaf (huruf Arab)
• Marsekal Besar (Amerika Serikat)
• GAF Nomad
• Michael Gough
• Sriwijaya
• Pusat Penerbangan Angkatan Laut
• Ghana
• Hindia Belanda
• Adam Air Penerbangan 574
• PlayStation
• GAF
• Gaf
• GAF Nomad
• NeoGAF
• GAF Materials Corporation
• Gaf (Mandaeism)
• GAF domain
• Ghana Armed Forces
• Standard Industries
• GAF Turana

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