german pronouns

Video: german pronouns

      German pronouns GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      German pronouns are German words that function as pronouns. As with pronouns in other languages, they are frequently employed as the subject or object of a clause, acting as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases, but are also used in relative clauses to relate the main clause to a subordinate one.


      Classification and usage


      Germanic pronouns are divided into several groups;

      Personal pronouns, which apply to an entity, such as the speaker or third parties;
      Possessive pronouns, which describe ownership of objects, institutions, etc.;
      Demonstrative pronouns;
      Determinative pronouns;
      Reflexive pronouns, in which the subject is also one of the objects;
      Relative pronouns, which connect clauses;
      Interrogative pronouns, which are used in questions, such as who?;
      Indefinite pronouns, which denote entities of quantities.
      With few exceptions, German pronouns must always have the same gender, same number, and same case as their antecedents.
      In German, a pronoun may have a certain position in the sentence under special circumstances. First and second person pronouns usually do not, and they can be used anywhere in the sentence—except in certain poetical or informal contexts.

      Das im Schrank (the thing in the cupboard)
      Das auf dem Tisch (the thing on the table)
      There are also genitive direct objects. But the genitive object, other than accusative or dative objects, is somewhat outdated:

      OLD: Ich erinnere mich ihrer (MODERN: Ich erinnere mich an sie.) (I remember her.)
      OLD: Ich erinnere mich seiner (MODERN: Ich erinnere mich an ihn.)
      OLD: Ich entsinne mich ihrer (MODERN: Ich erinnere mich an sie.)
      In Modern German, erinnern rather takes the prepositional phrase with the preposition an. However, some verbs cannot be constructed otherwise, and thus genitive objects remain common language to some degree. This is true for entsinnen (which is archaic in itself), but also for sentences such as:

      OLD AND MODERN: Lasst uns der Opfer gedenken. (Let us commemorate the victims.)
      OLD AND MODERN: Ich klage Herrn Max Mustermann des Mordes an. (I accuse Mr. John Doe of murder.)
      The two noun and pronoun emphasizers selber and selbst have slightly different meanings than if used with nominal phrases. They normally emphasize the pronoun, but if they are applied to a reflexive pronoun (in the objective case), they emphasize its reflexive meaning.


      = Personal pronouns

      =

      The verbs following the formal form of "you"—"Sie"—are conjugated identically as in the third-person plurals. For example, "Sie sprechen Deutsch." This means either "You speak German" or "They speak German", and it is completely up to the context to determine which one it is. "Sie spricht Deutsch." is third person female; this is shown by the change of "en" to "t" in the action (i.e., "sprechen" vs. "spricht"), not context.

      "Wann ist dein Geburtstag?" – "Er ist morgen." (When is your birthday? – It is tomorrow. Overliterally: He is tomorrow.)
      "Ich rufe den Hund" – "Ich rufe ihn." (I am calling the dog – I am calling it. Overliterally: I am calling him.)
      The first of these is an example of gender-based pronoun usage that may not be intuitive to an English speaker because in English an inanimate object is almost always referenced by the pronoun "it." In German, nouns always have a relevant gender to consider. In the above examples, both birthday and dog are masculine, so "it" becomes "er" in the nominative case and "ihn" in accusative.
      Genitive personal pronouns (not to be confused with other instances of the genitive case such as "des"—see below) are sometimes explained as indicating possession; however, this is incorrect and redundant, as the definition of a possessive pronoun (mein) is already to indicate possession. For example, my book translates to "mein Buch", or "das Buch von mir" (the latter an alternate formulation translated literally as the book from/of me), and never "das Buch meiner".
      The genitive personal pronouns in the table above seldom find use in modern German and are nearly always made obsolete by modern formulations. There is a well-known German saying "Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod" (The dative case is the death of the genitive case), referring to the frequent colloquial replacement of traditionally genitive formulations with dative formulations (e.g. "statt mir" instead of "statt meiner"). Genitive personal pronouns may be used for the genitive object ("gedenke meiner": commemorate me). Archaically, the pronoun form without -er can be used, e.g. Vergissmeinnicht (instead of: "vergiss meiner nicht" or—vergessen takes the accusative as well—"vergiss mich nicht" in more modern form). Another use is after prepositions requiring the genitive case, e.g. "seitens meiner" ("on my part", more typically "meinerseits").


      = Possessive pronouns

      =
      Possessive pronouns are formed by adding endings to the genitive case of the personal pronoun, eventually stripping it of its genitive ending. The endings are identical to those of the indefinite article ein.

      Note: when euer gets a suffix the "-er"-ending is reduced to "-r": eure, eurem ect...


      = Reflexive pronouns

      =
      There are also reflexive pronouns for the dative case and the accusative case (reflexive pronouns for the genitive case are possessive pronouns with a "selbst" following after them). In the first and second person, they are the same as the normal pronouns, but they only become visible in the third person singular and plural. The third person reflexive pronoun for both plural and singular is: "sich":

      "Er liebt sich". (He loves himself.)
      "Sie verstecken sich". (They hide themselves.)
      Reflexive pronouns can be used not only for personal pronouns:

      "Sie hat sich ein Bild gekauft." (She bought herself a picture.)
      "Seiner ist schon kaputt." (His is already broken.)


      = Relative pronouns

      =
      A relative clause contains a relative pronoun. the relative clause is used when there is further information to express. The relative pronouns are as follows:

      Instead, welcher (-e, -es) may be used, which is seen to be more formal, and only common in interdependent multi-relative clauses, or as a mnemonic to German pupils to learn to distinguish das from dass (it is the first of these if one can say dieses, jenes or welches instead). The relative pronoun is never omitted in German. On the other hand, in English, the phrase
      The young woman I invited for coffee yesterday is my cousin's fiancée.
      completely omits the use of a relative pronoun. (The use of the relative pronouns "who" or "that" is optional in sentences like these.) To state such a thing in German, one would say
      Die junge Frau, die ich gestern zum Kaffee eingeladen habe, ist die Verlobte meines Cousins.
      The conjugated verb is placed at the end of German relative clauses. This was the preferable use in Latin sentences as well as in Old High German even for main clauses, and remains intact for subclauses, whereas in main clauses the verb takes the second place. (Exceptions: jokes begin with the verb: "Treffen sich zwei Freunde. Kommt einer nicht." which might be translated in a way such as this: Meeting two friends. Coming one fails to do. In family event lyrics, the old custom may be revived for the sake of forced rhyme, e.g. "Mein Onkel ist der beste Mann / und ich dies auch begründen kann." My uncle is right best a man / a thing that really prove I can.)
      Likewise, an English participle such as
      The man coming round the corner is a thief.
      is best translated to a relative clause, e.g.
      Der Mann, der gerade um die Ecke kommt, ist ein Dieb.
      However, it might be translated literally which would result in what some call a very German sentence, e.g.
      Der gerade um die Ecke kommende Mann ist ein Dieb.


      Comparison to the definite article


      Although the pronoun form and the define article form are the same in most cases, there are sometimes differences.
      The German definite article:

      The German indicative pronouns derived from the definite articles:

      Derer is to be used only for remarking an antecedent it follows.


      = Demonstrative pronouns

      =
      Demonstrative pronouns are used to refer to something already defined.
      jener, -e, -es (that, the former)
      dieser, -e, -es (this, the latter) (or "dies" as abbreviation for dieses)
      ersterer, -e, -es (the former)
      letzterer, -e, -es (the latter)

      all decline
      derjenige, diejenige, dasjenige (the one)

      Declined like [def. art] + [jenig-] + weak adj. ending
      Used to identify a noun to be further identified in a relative clause.
      derselbe, dieselbe, dasselbe (the same)

      Declined like [def. art] + [selb-] + weak adj. ending
      Used to indicate an identity stronger than der gleiche ("the equal") would. However, the derselbe / der gleiche distinction is not present in all varieties of German.
      They follow the format


      = Interrogative pronouns

      =
      In German, there are the interrogative pronouns. Most of them have a direct English equivalent:
      "Wer?" Who?
      "Was?" What?
      "Welch" (which) is declined by gender and case.


      References




      External links

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: german pronouns

    german pronounsgerman pronouns she hergerman pronouns instagramgerman pronouns seingerman pronouns he/himgerman pronouns chart englishgerman pronouns chartgerman pronouns tablegerman pronouns in englishlist of german pronouns Search Results

    german pronouns

    Daftar Isi

    Idee a German artist collective - Daily Themed Crossword Answers

    Dec 31, 2017 · We found the following answers for: ___ Idee a German artist collective crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on December 31 2017 Daily Themed Crossword puzzle . The solution we have for ___ Idee a German artist collective has a total of 5 letters .

    German DJ also known as Anton Zaslavski famous for hits like …

    Jan 20, 2025 · We found the following answers for: German DJ also known as Anton Zaslavski famous for hits like Stay and Clarity crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on January 20 2025 Daily Themed Crossword puzzle. The solution we have for German DJ also known as Anton Zaslavski famous for hits like Stay and Clarity has a total of 4 letters.

    Western Germany river Daily Themed Crossword

    Here are all the possible answers for Western Germany river. This crossword clue was last seen on Daily Themed Crossword Magic Pack Level 4.

    When doubled a German spa town Daily Themed Crossword

    When doubled a German spa town Daily Themed Crossword. We have found the following solution matching the query "When doubled a German spa town" in our database. This crossword clue was last seen on the popular pack Daily Themed Crossword Country Music Pack Level 10 Answers. The answer we've got has a total of 5 letters. If something is wrong or ...

    Three in Roman numerals - Daily Themed Crossword Answers

    Other July 26 2023 Puzzle Clues. There are a total of 66 clues in July 26 2023 crossword puzzle.

    German DIY retailer - Daily Themed Crossword Answers

    Apr 27, 2019 · We found the following answers for: German DIY retailer crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on April 27 2019 Daily Themed Crossword puzzle . The solution we have for German DIY retailer has a total of 3 letters .

    German phrase which means company with limited liability Abbr.

    We have found the following solution matching the query "German phrase which means company with limited liability Abbr." in our database. This crossword clue was last seen on the popular pack Daily Themed Crossword Happy Thanksgiving Level 10 Answers .

    Luxury German wheels - Daily Themed Crossword Answers

    Jul 6, 2022 · We found the following answers for: Luxury German wheels crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on July 6 2022 Daily Themed Crossword puzzle . The solution we have for Luxury German wheels has a total of 4 letters .

    Ice in German - Daily Themed Crossword Answers

    Sep 11, 2024 · We found the following answers for: Ice in German crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on September 11 2024 Daily Themed Crossword puzzle . The solution we have for Ice in German has a total of 3 letters .

    German actor Frobe who played Goldfinger in a James Bond movie

    Jan 2, 2019 · We found the following answers for: German actor Frobe who played Goldfinger in a James Bond movie crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on January 2 2019 Daily Themed Crossword puzzle . The solution we have for German actor Frobe who played Goldfinger in a James Bond movie has a total of 4 letters .