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      Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) also known as solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (SLC2A2) is a transmembrane carrier protein that enables protein facilitated glucose movement across cell membranes. It is the principal transporter for transfer of glucose between liver and blood Unlike GLUT4, it does not rely on insulin for facilitated diffusion.
      In humans, this protein is encoded by the SLC2A2 gene.


      Tissue distribution


      GLUT2 is found in cellular membranes of:

      liver (Primary)
      pancreatic β cell (Primary in mice, tertiary in humans after GLUT1 and GLUT3)
      hypothalamus (Not overly significant)
      basolateral membrane of small intestine and apical GLUT2 is also suggested.
      basolateral membrane of renal tubular cells


      Function


      GLUT2 has high capacity for glucose but low affinity (high KM, ca. 15–20 mM) and thus functions as part of the "glucose sensor" in the pancreatic β-cells of rodents, though in human β-cells the role of GLUT2 seems to be a minor one. It is a very efficient carrier for glucose. Similarly, a recent study showed that lack of GLUT2 in β-cells doesn't impair glucose homeostasis or glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice.
      GLUT2 also carries glucosamine.
      When the glucose concentration in the lumen of the small intestine goes above 30 mM, such as occurs in the fed-state, GLUT2 is up-regulated at the brush border membrane, enhancing the capacity of glucose transport. Basolateral GLUT2 in enterocytes also aids in the transport of fructose into the bloodstream through glucose-dependent cotransport.
      Recent studies show that renal GLUT2 contributes to systemic glucose homeostasis by regulating glucose reabsorption. Lack of renal Glut2 reversed features of diabetes and obesity in mice. In addition, renal Glut2 deficiency caused knockdown of renal Sglt2 through the transcription factor Hnf1α.


      Clinical significance


      Defects in the SLC2A2 gene are associated with a particular type of glycogen storage disease called Fanconi-Bickel syndrome.
      In drug-treated diabetic pregnancies in which glucose levels in the woman are uncontrolled, neural tube and cardiac defects in the early-developing brain, spine, and heart depend upon functional GLUT2 carriers, and defects in the GLUT2 gene have been shown to be protective against such defects in rats. However, whilst a lack of GLUT2 adaptability is negative, it is important to remember the fact that the main result of untreated gestational diabetes appears to cause babies to be of above-average size, which may well be an advantage that is managed very well with a healthy GLUT2 status.
      Maintaining a regulated osmotic balance of sugar concentration between the blood circulation and the interstitial spaces is critical in some cases of edema including cerebral edema.
      GLUT2 appears to be particularly important to osmoregulation, and preventing edema-induced stroke, transient ischemic attack or coma, especially when blood glucose concentration is above average. GLUT2 could reasonably be referred to as the "diabetic glucose transporter" or a "stress hyperglycemia glucose transporter."
      SLC2A2 was associated with clinical stages and independently associated with overall survival in patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma, and could be considered a new prognostic factor for HCC.


      Interactive pathway map


      Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.


      See also


      Glucose transporter


      References




      External links


      Glucose+Transporter+Type+2 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

    Kata Kunci Pencarian:

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    Glucose Transporters (GLUTs and SGLTs) - Biochemistry Lesson - YouTube

    Glucose Transporters (GLUTs and SGLTs) - Biochemistry Lesson - YouTube

    Glucose Transporters - My Endo Consult

    Glucose Transporters - My Endo Consult

    GLUT2 mutations, translocation, and receptor function in diet sugar ...

    GLUT2 mutations, translocation, and receptor function in diet sugar ...

    Validated GLUT2 antibody - BiCell Scientific

    Validated GLUT2 antibody - BiCell Scientific

    GLUT2 - Wikipedia

    GLUT2 - Wikipedia

    Glut2

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    Glut2 Antibodies: Novus Biologicals

    Glut2 Antibodies: Novus Biologicals

    Mouse Glut2 Antibody MAB1440: R&D Systems

    Mouse Glut2 Antibody MAB1440: R&D Systems

    Human Glut2 Antibody MAB1414: R&D Systems

    Human Glut2 Antibody MAB1414: R&D Systems

    Human Glut2 Antibody MAB1414: R&D Systems

    Human Glut2 Antibody MAB1414: R&D Systems

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    glut2

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    GLUT2 - Wikipedia

    Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) also known as solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (SLC2A2) is a transmembrane carrier protein that enables protein facilitated glucose movement across cell membranes.

    The role of GLUT2 in glucose metabolism in multiple organs and …

    GLUT2 controls the number of pancreatic islet cells and the volume of relevant organs during the development phase of the body; after maturation, GLUT2 regulates blood glucose through the CNS and local blood glucose regulation system.

    GLUT2, glucose sensing and glucose homeostasis - PubMed

    Individuals with a missense mutation in GLUT2 show preference for sugar-containing foods. We will discuss how studies in mice help interpret the role of GLUT2 in human physiology.

    The role of GLUT2 in glucose metabolism in multiple organs

    Jun 26, 2023 · Under physiological conditions, GLUT2 transports glucose into cells and allows the glucose concentration to reach balance on the bilateral sides of the cellular membrane; Variation of GLUT2 is associated with various endocrine and metabolic disorders; In this study, we discussed the role of GLUT2 in participating in glucose metabolism and ...

    The SLC2 (GLUT) Family of Membrane Transporters - PMC

    GLUT2 has the unique characteristic among glucose transporters to have a low apparent affinity for glucose (Km ~17mM). It can also transport galactose (Km ~ 92 mM), mannose (Km ~125 mM) and fructose (Km ~76 mM) with low affinity.

    GLUT2, glucose sensing and glucose homeostasis | Diabetologia …

    Nov 25, 2014 · Genome-wide association studies have reported that GLUT2 variants increase the risks of fasting hyperglycaemia, transition to type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular diseases. Individuals with a missense mutation in GLUT2 show preference for sugar-containing foods.

    Functional Expression of the Human Glucose Transporters GLUT2 …

    Human GLUT2 and GLUT3, members of the GLUT/SLC2 gene family, facilitate glucose transport in specific tissues. Their malfunction or misregulation is associated with serious diseases, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Despite being ...

    Glucose Transporter 2 - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    The reduction of glucose in the blood results from the action of insulin. Glucose enters the beta cells of the pancreas through the glucose transporter GLUT2 and this is a major signal leading to the release of insulin from these cells that

    Physiological functions of glucose transporter-2: From cell …

    Feb 15, 2024 · In human hepatocytes, GLUT-2 is a glucose-sensitive gene along with genes encoding type 1 pyruvate kinase and S14 fatty acid synthase [5].In these cells, glucose-induced transcription is achieved by activating carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) transcription factor [9].Xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate metabolite of the pentose …

    The role of GLUT2 in dietary sugar handling - PubMed

    Due to its low affinity and high capacity, GLUT2 transports dietary sugars, glucose, fructose and galactose in a large range of physiological concentrations, displaying large bidirectional fluxes in and out the cells. This review focuses on the roles of GLUT2.