Hindu tantric literature GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      Tantras in Hinduism are esoteric scriptures.


      Classes


      The word tantra is made up by the joining (sandhi in Sanskrit) of two Sanskrit words: tanoti (expansion) and trayati (liberation). Tantra means liberation of energy and expansion of consciousness from its gross form. It is a method to expand the mind and liberate the dormant potential energy, and its principles form the basis of all yogic practices. Hence, the Hindu tantric scriptures refer to techniques for achieving a result.
      The Hindu tantras total 92 scriptures; of these, 64 are purely Abheda (literally "without differentiation", or monistic), known as the Bhairava Tantras or Kashmir Śaivite Tantras, 18 are Bhedābheda (literally "with differentiation and without differentiation" monistic or dualistic), known as the Rudra Tantras), and 10 are completely Bheda (literally "differentiated" or dualistic), known as the Śiva Tantras. The latter two (Rudra Tantras and Śiva Tantras) are used by the Śaiva Siddhāntins, and thus are sometimes referred to as Shaiva Siddhanta Tantras, or Śaiva Siddhānta Āgamas.
      Tantra are mainly two types: Agama and Nigama. Agamas are those texts in which Goddess asked questions and the God replied. In Nigama texts, God asked questions and Goddess replied. This dialogue between God and Goddess is special feature of Hindu Tantra.


      Origin


      In the Nāth Tradition, legend ascribes the origin of tantra to Dattatreya, a semi-mythological yogi and the assumed author of the Jivanmukta Gita ("Song of the liberated soul"). Matsyendranath is credited with authorship of the Kaulajñāna-nirnāya, a voluminous ninth-century tantra dealing with a host of mystical and magical subjects. This work occupies an important position in the Hindu tantric lineage, as well as in Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism.


      Function


      In distinction to Vedic ritual, which is traditionally performed out-of-doors without idols or emblems, the Tantric ritual is largely a matter of temples and idols. The tantras are largely descriptions and specifications for the construction and maintenance of temple structures with their resident idols and lingas, for example is the Ajita Māhātantra.
      Another function was the conservation of esoteric texts for the exclusive use of rulers in rituals directed to deities controlling political affairs, for example the Śārada-tilaka Tantra.


      Texts


      Tantric texts are usually associated with a particular tradition and deity. The different types of Tantric literature are tantra, Āgama, saṃhitā, sūtra, upaniṣad, purāṇa, tīkā (commentaries), prakaraṇa, paddhati texts, stotram, kavaca, nighaṇṭu, koṣa and hagiographical literature. They are written in Sanskrit and in regional languages. The major textual tantra traditions with some key exemplary texts is as follows:

      Śaiva – Sadaśiva (Śivagama), Vāma or Tumburu, Dakṣiṇa or Bhairava
      Kularnava Tantra
      Amṛteṣaṭantra or Netratantra
      Netragyanarṇava tantra
      Niḥśvāsatattvasaṃhitā
      Kālottārā tantra
      Sarvajñānottārā
      Ṣaivāgamas
      Raudrāgamas
      Bhairavāgamas
      Vāma Āgamas
      Dakṣiṇāgamas
      Śivaśakti traditions – Yāmala (also part of Bhairava tradition)
      Brahma yāmala
      Rudra yāmala
      Skanda yāmala
      Viṣṇu yāmala
      Yama yāmala
      Yāyu yāmala
      Kubera yāmala
      Indra yāmala

      Śākta – Kālī traditions (Kālī, Kālī Viṣṇu, Kāmākhyā/Kubjika, Tārā and Others), Śrīkula tradition
      Varahi Tantra
      Shakta Agamas
      Muṇḍamālā tantra
      Toḍala tantra
      Cāmuṇḍa tantra
      Devīyāmala
      Mādhavakula
      Yonigahavara,
      Kālīkulārṇava tantra
      Kaṇkālamālinī tantra
      Jhaṃkārakaravīra,
      Mahākāla saṃhitā
      Kālī tantra
      Kālajñāna tantra
      Kumārī tantra
      Siddhalaharī tantra
      Niruttārā tantra
      Kālīvilāsa tantra
      Utpatti tantra
      Kāmadhenu tantra
      Nirvāṇa tantra
      Kāmākhyā tantra
      Tārā tantra
      Kaula tantra
      Matsya Sūkta / Tārā Kalpa
      Samayā tantra
      Vāmakeshvara tantra
      Tantrajā tantra
      Yoginī tantra
      Kula - Kulamārga and Other tantras
      Kulārṇava tantra
      Mahānirvāṇa tantra
      Kulacūḍāmaṇi tantra
      Kulārṇava tantra
      Guptasādhana tantra
      Mātṛkābheda tantra
      Vaiṣṇava – Vaikhanasas, Pancharatra, bhakti-oriented tantras of Kṛṣṇa and Rāma
      Pāñcarātra saṃhitā texts
      Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā
      Jayākhya saṃhitā
      Pārameśvara saṃhitā
      Pauśkara saṃhitā
      Pādma saṃhitā
      Nāradīya saṃhitā
      Haṃsaparameśvara saṃhitā
      Lakṣmī tantra
      Vaihāyasa saṃhitā
      Śrīkālapraā saṃhitā
      Vaikhānasa Āgamas
      Gautamīya tantra
      Bṛhadbrahma saṃhitā
      Māheśvara tantra
      Sātvata tantra
      Rādhā tantra
      Agastya saṃhitā and Dāśarathīya tantra
      Īśāna saṃhitā and Ūrdhvāṃnāya saṃhitā
      Mantra-śāstra - textbooks on Mantras, metaphysics of mantric sound, related practices and rituals
      Prapañcasāra tantra and its commentaries and Ṭīkās
      Śāradatilaka tantra by Lakṣmaṇa Deśikendra
      Mantramuktāvali of Paramahaṃsa Pūrṇaprakāśa
      Mantramahodadhi of Mahīdhara
      Mantradevaprakāśikā of Viṣṇudeva
      Mantrakamalākara of Kamalākara Bhaṭṭa
      Mantraratnākara of Yadunātha Cakravartin
      Mantramahārṇava of Mādhava Rāya Vaidya
      Tantrasāra of Kṛṣṇānanda āgamvāgiśa
      Nibandha - handbooks on ritual worship, sadhana and puja
      Kriyākalpataru of śaktinātha Kalyānakara
      Kaulāvalīnirṇaya of Jñānānandagiri Paramahaṃsa
      śāktanandataraṃgiṇī of Brahmānanda Giri
      śāktakrama of Pūrṇānanda
      śrītattvacintāmaṇi of Pūrṇānanda
      āgamakalpadruma of Govinda
      āgamakalpalatikā of Yadunātha
      āgamatattvavilāsa of Raghunātha Tarkavāgīśa, and āgamachandrikā of Rāmakṛṣṇa
      Tantrachintāmaṇi of Navamīsiṃha
      Prāṇatoṣiṇī of Rāmatoṣaṇa Vidyālaṃkāra
      Śhivarahasya
      Śaivakalpadruma
      Saura tantras
      Ganapatya tantras
      Others – supernatural, chemistry, astrology, alchemy, etc.,


      = Translations

      =
      Most Hindu Tantras remain untranslated. One widely translated exception is the Vijñāna Bhairava Tantra, which according to Christopher Wallis, is atypical of most Tantric scriptures.
      Sir John Woodroffe translated the Tantra of the Great Liberation (Mahānirvāna Tantra) (1913) into English along with other Tantric texts. Other tantras which have been translated into a Western language include the Malini-vijayottara tantra, the Kirana tantra, and the Parakhya Tantra.
      Some translation of Tantra texts

      The Kulachudamani Tantra and Vamkehwar Tantra, Louise M. Finn
      Kularnava Tantra, Paramhansa Mishra
      Kularnava Tantra, Ram Rahim Rai
      Yogini Hridaya, Vraj Vallabh Dwivedi
      Yogini Tantra by GangaVishnu ShriKrishnadas
      Maheshwar Tantra Sarala Hindi Vyakhya Sudhakar Malaviya Chowkambha (Narada Pancrata)
      Kamratna Tantra, Hemchandra Goswami
      Tantric Texts Series Arthur Avalon (John Woodroffe)

      Tantrabhidhanam with Bijanighantu & Mudranighantu - A Tantric Dictionary
      Shatchakranirupanam (Serpant Power) with 2 commentaries - Taranatha Vaidyaratna
      Prapachasaratantram (reprinted as volumes 18 & 19)
      Kulachudamani Tantra - Girish Chandra Vedantatirtha
      Kularnavatantram edited by Taranatha Vaidyaratna
      Kalivilasatantram edited by Parvati Charana Tarkatirtha
      Shrichakrasambhara edited by Kazi Dawa samdup (Buddhist Tantra)
      Tantraraja Part 1 commentary by Subhagananda Natha
      Karpuradistotra with intro & commentary by Vimalananda Swami
      Kamakalavilasa of Punyananda, commentary by Natananadanatha
      Kaula & Other Upanishads with commentaries by Bhaskararaya & others
      Tantraraja Part 2 commentary by Subhagananda Natha
      Mahanirvanatantram with commentary of Hariharananda Bharati
      Kaulavalinirnayah of Jnanananda Paramahamsa
      Brahmasamhita with commentary of Jiva Gosvami & Vishnusahasranama
      Sharadatilakatantram of Lakshmana Desikendra with commentary Part 1
      Sharadatilakatantram of Lakshmana Desikendra with commentary Part 2
      Prapachasaratantram Part 1
      Prapachasaratantram Part 2
      Chidgaganachandrika - Swami Trivikrama Tirtha
      Tarabhakti Sudharnava - Panchanana Bhattacharya Tarkaratna
      Sataratna samgraha, with Sataratnollekhani - Edited by Panchanan Sastri


      See also



      History of Shaktism


      References




      = Notes

      =


      = Works cited

      =
      Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism.
      Wallis, Christopher (2013). Tantra Illuminated: The Philosophy, History, and Practice of a Timeless Tradition. Mattamayura Press. ISBN 978-0-9897613-0-7.


      Further reading


      Bagchi, P. C. (1986). Kaulajnana-nirnaya of the School of Matsyendranath. Translated by Michael Magee. Varanasi: Prācya Prakāśana.
      Lakshmanjoo, Swami (2000). Kashmir Shaivism: The Secret Supreme. Universal Shaiva Fellowship. ISBN 1-58721-505-5.
      Walker, Benjamin (1983). Tantrism: Its Secret Principles and Practices. Borgo Press. ISBN 0-85030-272-2.
      Woodroffe, John (1913). Mahanirvana Tantra (Tantra of the Great Liberation) – via Sacred-texts.com.


      External links


      Shiva Shakti Mandalam

    Kata Kunci Pencarian:

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