how to be an antiracist

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      How to Be an Antiracist is a 2019 nonfiction book by American author and historian Ibram X. Kendi, which combines social commentary and memoir. It was published by One World, an imprint of Random House. The book discusses concepts of racism and Kendi's proposals for anti-racist individual actions and systemic changes.


      Background


      Kendi is the founder of the Antiracist Research & Policy Center at American University in Washington, D.C.
      How to Be an Antiracist expands on ideas from Kendi's previous book, Stamped from the Beginning, which won the National Book Award in 2016.


      Synopsis


      The book is organized into chapters that each examine a different theme through a racial lens. These themes include "dueling consciousness", "power", "biology", "ethnicity", "body", "culture", "behavior", "color", "white", "black", "class", "space", "gender", and "sexuality".
      Kendi relates his evolving concept of racism through the events of his own life over four decades, touching on observations and experiences as a child, young adult, student, and professor, from classes he has taught, via contemporary events such as the O. J. Simpson robbery case and 2000 United States presidential election, and through historical events such as the scientific proposals of polygenism in Europe in the 1600s and racial segregation in the United States.
      Kendi further details the manifestations of racism, such as scientific racism, colorism and their intersection with demographics including gender, class and sexuality, arguing that racism is founded in both patriarchy and capitalism.
      Kendi argues that the opposite of racist is anti-racist rather than simply non-racist, and that there is no middle ground in the struggle against racism; one is either actively confronting racial inequality or allowing it to exist through action or inaction.
      He defines racism as any policy that creates inequitable outcomes between people of different skin colors; for instance, affirmative action in college admissions is anti-racist in that is designed to remedy past racial discrimination, while inaction on climate change is racist because of the disproportionately severe impacts of climate change in the predominantly non-white Global South.
      Kendi defines a racist person as anyone who supports racist policies "through their actions or inaction or expressing a racist idea", while an anti-racist person is someone who supports anti-racist policies "through their actions or expressing an antiracist idea".
      He draws upon what he describes as his own lifelong racism to argue that anyone, regardless of race, can be racist when they express harmful stereotypes about entire groups.
      Kendi relates how he once accepted certain stereotypes about black people, such as that black youth devalue education, and how he once wore colored contact lenses in order to not "look black". He calls such internalized racism "the real black on black crime".
      Kendi disagrees with the prejudice plus power model of racism, which would not allow for Black racism.
      Finally, Kendi suggests models for anti-racist individual actions and systemic (i.e. policy) changes.
      He uses the metaphor of racism as a cancer to argue for society-wide "treatments" such as ending racist policies (as one might remove a tumor), "exercising" anti-racist ideas, consuming "healthy food for thought", and being vigilant toward a recurrence of racism "before it can grow and threaten the body politic".
      Rather than presenting a how-to guide, Kendi uses his own experience as an example of shifting one's focus from the personal to the systemic regarding racial issues.
      He argues that "being antiracist requires persistent self-awareness, constant self-criticism, and regular self-examination".


      Sales


      How to Be an Antiracist was named one of Time's "must-read" books of 2019.
      In June 2020, following protests in the wake of the murder of George Floyd, sales of the book surged,
      and it became a best seller on Amazon.com.
      The book was listed eighth and fifth in Publishers Weekly's hardcover non-fiction list on May 30 and June 6, respectively.
      It was listed third in USA Today's best-selling books list of June 10.
      The book reached #1 on The New York Times Best Seller List in Hardcover Nonfiction list for sales in the week ending June 6.
      By March 24, 2021, it had spent 45 weeks on the list.


      Critical reception


      The book received starred reviews in Publishers Weekly, Library Journal, and Kirkus Reviews.
      Publishers Weekly described Kendi's prose as "thoughtful, sincere and polished" and the book's ideas as "boldly articulated" and "historically informed", stating that the book would "spark many conversations".
      Kirkus Reviews found it to be "not an easy read but an essential one".
      Library Journal said that "[Kendi's] stories serv[e] as a springboard for potent explorations of race, gender, [and] colorism".
      A review in Journal of Communication Inquiry said the book "succeeds at fitting into many genres including autobiography, memoir, and even how-to guide" and that it was "commendable" how Kendi presents cultural concepts through stories from his own life.
      A review in the journal Urban Education described the book as "necessary for all echelons of education".
      Black studies scholar Jeffrey C. Stewart called it the "most courageous book to date on the problem of race in the Western mind".
      Professor of civil rights law Randall Kennedy said the book displays candor, independence, and self-criticality, but that it has major flaws, especially being internally contradictory and poorly reasoned.
      Ericka Taylor of NPR described the book as "clear and compelling" and "accessible", saying it "exemplifies a commitment to clarity".
      A review in The Christian Science Monitor called the book "thought-provoking and insightful" and an "important and necessary contribution" toward understanding racism in the United States.
      Journalist Afua Hirsch writes that Kendi shows "honesty in linking his personal struggles" to the book's subject, which Hirsch describes as "brilliantly simple" and "dogmatic", but that the book's personal anecdotes seem incomplete and the style resembles that of a textbook too much.
      It was the Book of the Day in a review for The Observer in which Colin Grant found that the book "encourages self-reflection" and described the writing style as "calm" but "insightful".
      Commentator Andrew Sullivan wrote that the book has the character of a religious tract with overly simplistic distinctions between good and evil that cannot be falsified, and is sparse on practical suggestions.
      Behavior geneticist Kathryn Paige Harden argues that while "race is not a valid biological category", Kendi is nonetheless incorrect for stating in the book that "there are no genetic differences between groups of people who identify as different races". Harden points to this as an example of "moral commitments to racial equality" being "on shaky ground if they depend on exact genetic sameness across human populations".
      Geneticist Joseph L. Graves Jr. calls this a straw man, writing in The Lancet that Harden misses "a central point: human populations do not differ substantially in the frequencies of genetic variants that determine their complex behaviour, including intelligence and personality."


      References




      Further reading


      Kendi, Ibram X. (June 9, 2020). "Ibram X. Kendi defines what it means to be an antiracist" (book excerpt). Penguin Books Limited.
      Martin, Rachel; Kendi, Ibram X. (August 13, 2019). "Ibram X. Kendi's Latest Book: 'How To Be An Antiracist'". Morning Edition (audio with transcript). NPR.
      Perry, Imani; Kendi, Ibram (August 20, 2019). "After Words with Ibram Kendi". After Words (video with transcript). Episode 463446–1. C-SPAN2.


      External links


      Official website

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    How to Be an Antiracist Hardcover – August 13, 2019 - amazon.com

    Aug 13, 2019 · In How to Be an Antiracist, Ibram X. Kendi's follow-up to his National Book Award-winning Stamped from the Beginning, he explains that racism is ultimately structural. Racism directs attention away from harmful, inequitable policies and turns that attention on the people harmed by those policies.

    How to Be an Antiracist - Wikipedia

    How to Be an Antiracist is a 2019 nonfiction book by American author and historian Ibram X. Kendi, which combines social commentary and memoir. [1] It was published by One World, an imprint of Random House. The book discusses concepts of racism and Kendi's proposals for anti-racist individual actions and systemic changes.

    How to Be an Antiracist - Ibram X. Kendi

    Feb 1, 2023 · How to Be an Antiracist. From the National Book Award-winning author of Stamped from the Beginning comes a refreshing approach that will radically reorient America on the urgent issues of race, justice, and equality.

    6 ways to be antiracist, because being 'not racist' isn't enough

    Jun 2, 2020 · Being antiracist means learning about and identifying inequities and disparities that give, in particular, white people, or any racial group, material advantages over people of color.

    How to Be an Antiracist (One World Essentials) - amazon.com

    Jan 31, 2023 · Reflect on your understanding of race and discover ways to work toward an antiracist future with this guided journal from the #1 New York Times bestselling author of How to Be an Antiracist and Stamped from the Beginning.

    How to Be an Antiracist by Ibram X. Kendi - Goodreads

    Aug 13, 2019 · How to Be an Antiracist is an essential work for anyone who wants to go beyond an awareness of racism to the next step: contributing to the formation of a truly just and equitable society.

    How to Be an Antiracist by Ibram X. Kendi: 9780525509301 ...

    In How to Be an Antiracist, Kendi takes readers through a widening circle of antiracist ideas—from the most basic concepts to visionary possibilities—that will help readers see all forms of racism clearly, understand their poisonous consequences, and work to …

    How to Be an Antiracist: A Review of Ibram X. Kendi’s Best …

    Apr 9, 2022 · There's no denying the impact of Ibram Kendi's best-selling book. But will Kendi's ideas get us closer to a society that doesn't divide Americans over racial identity? I went into Dr. Ibram X. Kendi’s New York Times bestseller How to Be An Antiracist not sure what to expect.

    How to Be an Antiracist - Ibram X. Kendi - Google Books

    In How to Be an Antiracist, Kendi takes readers through a widening circle of antiracist ideas—from the most basic concepts to visionary possibilities—that will help readers see all forms of...

    How to Be an Antiracist - Harvard Kennedy School

    In How to Be an Antiracist, Kendi asks us to think about what an antiracist society might look like, and how we can play an active role in building it. In this book, Kendi weaves an electrifying combination of ethics, history, law, and science, bringing it all together with an engaging personal narrative of his own awakening to antiracism.