- Minyak hati bakalau
- Hypervitaminosis
- Hypervitaminosis A
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin D toxicity
- Cod liver oil
- Vitamin deficiency
- Vitamin A
- Blurred vision
- Β-Carotene
- Anteater
- Vitamin D toxicity: What if you get too much? - Mayo Clinic
- Too much vitamin C: Is it harmful? - Mayo Clinic
- Vitamin B-12 - Mayo Clinic
- Vitamin A - Mayo Clinic
- Vitamin B-6 - Mayo Clinic
- Niacin overdose: What are the symptoms? - Mayo Clinic
- Pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension)
- Toxicidad producida por la vitamina D: ¿qué ocurre si el consumo …
- Vitamin D - Mayo Clinic
- 维生素 A - 妙佑医疗国际 - Mayo Clinic
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Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity. Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called hypervitaminosis A. Hypervitaminoses are primarily caused by fat-soluble vitamins (D and A), as these are stored by the body for longer than the water-soluble vitamins.
Generally, toxic levels of vitamins stem from high supplement intake and not always from natural sources but rather the mix of natural, derived vitamins and enhancers (vitamin boosters). Toxicities of fat-soluble vitamins can also be caused by a large intake of highly fortified foods, but natural food in modest levels rarely deliver extreme or dangerous levels of fat-soluble vitamins. The Dietary Reference Intake recommendations from the United States Department of Agriculture define a "tolerable upper intake level" for most vitamins.
For those who are entirely healthy and do not experience long periods of avitaminosis, vitamin overdose can be avoided by not taking more than the normal or recommended amount of multi-vitamin supplement shown on the bottle and not ingesting multiple vitamin-containing supplements concurrently.
Signs and symptoms
A few described symptoms:
Causes
With few exceptions, like some vitamins from B-complex, hypervitaminosis usually occurs with the fat-soluble vitamins A and D, which are stored, respectively, in the liver and fatty tissues of the body. These vitamins build up and remain for a longer time in the body than water-soluble vitamins. Conditions include:
Hypervitaminosis A
Hypervitaminosis D
Vitamin B3 § Toxicity
Megavitamin-B6 syndrome
Vitamin E toxicity
Prevention
Prevention in healthy individuals not having any periods of avitaminosis or vitamin (vegetables) lack for 2 years at least is by not taking more than the expected normal or recommended amount of vitamin supplements.
Epidemiology
In the United States, overdose exposure to all formulations of "vitamins" (which includes multi-vitamin/mineral products) was reported by 62,562 individuals in 2004 with nearly 80% of these exposures in children under the age of 6, leading to 53 "major" life-threatening outcomes and 3 deaths (2 from vitamins D and E; 1 from a multivitamin with iron). This may be compared to the 19,250 people who died of unintentional poisoning of all kinds in the U.S. in the same year (2004). In 2016, overdose exposure to all formulations of vitamins and multi-vitamin/mineral formulations was reported by 63,931 individuals to the American Association of Poison Control Centers with 72% of these exposures in children under the age of five. No deaths were reported.
See also
Avitaminosis
Megavitamin therapy
Vitamin C megadosage
References
External links
Dietary reference intakes, official website.
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Daftar Isi
Vitamin D toxicity: What if you get too much? - Mayo Clinic
Mar 22, 2022 · Vitamin D toxicity, also called hypervitaminosis D, is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when you have excessive amounts of vitamin D in your body. Vitamin D …
Too much vitamin C: Is it harmful? - Mayo Clinic
Apr 28, 2022 · Vitamin C is an essential nutrient. But you can get too much of it. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin that supports growth and development.
Vitamin B-12 - Mayo Clinic
Jun 28, 2024 · Generally safe. Most people get enough vitamin B-12 from a balanced diet. However, older adults, vegetarians, vegans and people who have conditions that affect their …
Vitamin A - Mayo Clinic
Vitamin A (retinol, retinoic acid) is a nutrient important to vision, growth, cell division, reproduction and immunity.
Vitamin B-6 - Mayo Clinic
Aug 10, 2023 · Generally safe. A healthy and varied diet will provide most people with enough vitamin B-6. However, for people with kidney diseases, malabsorption syndromes and certain …
Niacin overdose: What are the symptoms? - Mayo Clinic
May 14, 2024 · Niacin. Natural Medicines. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed Dec. 4, 2023. Rakel D, et al., eds. Nutrition and nutritional supplements in the ...
Pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension)
Nov 12, 2021 · The cause of pseudotumor cerebri is unknown. If a cause is determined, the condition is called secondary intracranial hypertension, rather than idiopathic.
Toxicidad producida por la vitamina D: ¿qué ocurre si el consumo …
Mar 22, 2022 · Con el fin de proporcionarle la información más relevante y útil, y de entender qué información es beneficiosa, posiblemente combinemos tanto su correo electrónico como la …
Vitamin D - Mayo Clinic
Aug 10, 2023 · Vitamin D is a nutrient your body needs for building and maintaining healthy bones. That's because your body can only absorb calcium, the primary component of bone, …
维生素 A - 妙佑医疗国际 - Mayo Clinic
Sep 14, 2023 · 维生素 A（视黄醇、视黄酸）是一种营养素，对视力、生长发育、细胞分裂、繁殖和免疫非常重要。维生素 A 还具有抗氧化性能。抗氧化剂是能够保护细胞免受自由基影响的 …