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The ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family Ibidorhynchidae. It is grey with a white belly, red legs and long down-curved bill, and a black face and black breast band. It occurs on the shingle riverbanks of the high plateau of central Asia and the Himalayas.




Taxonomy


The ibisbill belongs to the order Charadriiformes which also includes the sandpipers, plovers, terns, auks, gulls, skuas and others. Although its evolutionary relationships are not fully understood, the ibisbill appears to be most closely related to a group including the oystercatchers, avocets, stilts and Pluvialis plovers, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family, Ibidorhynchidae.

There are no subspecies. The species was described in 1831 by Vigors based on painting by John Gould although Brian Hodgson had sent a manuscript to the Asiatic Society of Bengal two years earlier describing it as the "Red-billed Erolia" but this was published only in 1835 with an apology from the editor. Hodgson later suggested a new genus name of Clorhynchus for the bird stating that Gould's description of Ibidorhyncha was inaccurate while Vieillot's Erolia had been rejected. The species is named in honour of Dr. Struthers who collected specimens of the bird from the Himalayas.




Description


The ibisbill is 38–41 cm (15–16 in) long and is quite unmistakable in appearance. The adult is grey with a white belly, a crimson, long down-curved bill similar to that of the unrelated ibis, and a black face and black breast band. The sexes are similar, but young birds lack the black on the face and breast, and the bill is duller. The bill is 6.8–8.2 cm (2.7–3.2 in) long and is slightly longer in females. The legs are greyish purple in the breeding adults and dull sepia in juveniles or greenish in younger or non-breeding adults. The legs of deceased ibisbills change color to a crimson similar to the bill shade shortly after death. The tarsi is short and reticulated. The ibisbill has three toes, lacking the hind toe. The outer and middle toes are connected by a small, indented web, while the middle and inner toes possess no webbing. The Ibisbill typically weighs 270–320 g (9.5–11.3 oz) and females weigh slightly more than males. In spite of its spectacular appearance it is inconspicuous in its stony environment. The call is a ringing Klew-klew similar to that of a greenshank. In flight, its outstretched neck and rounded wings give an ibis-like appearance.




Distribution and habitat


The Ibisbills are common in Central Asia and the Himalayas, from Lake Issyk-Kul to the southern border of Manchuria, in Russia in the Altai. They also live in the highlands of the Central and Northern Tien Shan, within Kazakhstan along the valleys of the rivers Bolshaya and Malaya Almatinka, Chilik, Issyk, Karkara, Bayankol, Dzhungar Alatau, Choldysu.

The ibisbill breeds across southern Central Asia along stony riverbeds, typically between 1,700 and 4,400 m (5,600 and 14,400 ft), although there are records of the ibisbill breeding as low as 500 m (1,600 ft). Outside the breeding season, it may descend as low as 100 m (330 ft). It typically is found in shingle-bed river valleys from 100 to 1,500 m (330 to 4,920 ft) across with patches of sand and silt mixed in with pebbles and small boulders. The river valleys frequented by the ibisbill tend to have very little vegetation and gentle slopes to ensure a slow flow of water. It must live near slow-flowing water in order to feed, limiting its habitat despite a large range.




Behaviour


During the autumn and winter, the ibisbill typically is solitary, though they can be found in pairs or in small flocks of up to eight birds. One group of 25 ibisbills has been reported. Ibisbills breed solitarily and are territorial, though limited habitat availability can cause ibisbills to breed while neighboring others. They are generally not shy of humans. They are good swimmers and prefer crossing rivers by swimming instead of flying.
Wintering birds tend to be fairly inactive, while they become more active and noisy as the breeding season approaches.
When scratching the feathers on their head with their toes, they reach from over the wings. This indirect approach pattern is also found in plovers and lapwings but not in stone-plovers and other waders that reach directly from under the wing.




= Breeding

=
The ibisbill is apparently a monogamous breeder. During the breeding season, the ibisbill is known to run short distances while holding the head down, only standing upright to look at its surroundings. The nest is located on a bank, island or peninsula on the river, and is little more than a scrape on the ground, which may sometimes be lined with small pebbles. Eggs are laid in the end of April and the beginning of May (exact timing varies due to the weather). The clutch size varies from two to four oval eggs. The behaviour of adults near the nest are said to be similar to lapwings. The exact time taken to incubate the eggs is unknown, but both parents share incubation duties. It is suspected that chicks from the previous brood may act as helpers at the nest.




= Feeding

=
The ibisbill feeds by probing under rocks or gravel on stream beds. It will take a variety of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates including caddisfly and mayfly larvae that hide under boulders in streams, grasshoppers and also small fish.




Conservation status


This species has an extremely large range, estimated at 5 million square kilometres (1.9 million square miles) which is not believed to declining or fragmentating. Although its population is unknown, it is not thought to be declining. For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern by the IUCN.




References






Other sources


Cordeaux, WW (1897) Notes on Ibidorhynchus struthersii. Ibis 7 3(12):563–564.
Stanford, JK (1935) On the occurrence of the Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii (Gould) in Upper Burma. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38(2):403–404.
Bailey, FM (1909) Nesting of the Ibis bill (Ibidorhynchus struthersi). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 19(4):993–994.
Whymper, SL (1910) A breeding ground of the Ibisbill (Ibidorynchus struthersi). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 20(2):519–520.
Whymper, SL (1906) Nesting of the Ibis-bill (Ibidorhynchus struthersi) and the Common Sandpiper (Totanus hypoleucus). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17(2):546–547.




External links


Ibisbill videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Trinil paruh-ibis
• Ibisbill
• List of birds of Russia
• List of birds of India
• List of birds of Africa
• Charadriiformes
• List of birds of China
• List of birds of Kazakhstan
• List of birds of Afghanistan
• List of birds of Nepal
• List of birds of Tajikistan

Ibisbill - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

Ibisbill - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

Ibisbill - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

Ibisbill / Ibidorhyncha struthersii photo call and song

Ibisbill - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

Ibisbill - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

Ibisbill facts, distribution & population | BioDB

Ibisbill - Wikipedia

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Ibisbill | Wading Bird, Himalayan, Wetlands | Britannica

Birds Photos - Birds Wallpapers & Facts info: Ibisbill Birds Photos ...

BirdsEye Photography: Review Photos

ibisbill

Daftar Isi

• Ibisbill - Wikipedia
• Ibisbill - eBird
• Ibisbill Bird - Key Facts, Information & Pictures - Animal Corner
• Ibisbill | Wading Bird, Himalayan, Wetlands | Britannica
• Ibisbill - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio
• Ibisbill - Ibidorhyncha struthersii - Birds of the World
• Ibidorhynchidae - Ibisbill - Birds of the World
• Ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) - Bubo Birding
• Ibisbill facts for kids - Kids encyclopedia
• Ibisbill - Nature Travel Birding

Ibisbill - Wikipedia

The ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family Ibidorhynchidae. It is grey with a white belly, red legs and long down-curved bill, and a black face and black breast band.

Ibisbill - eBird

Usually seen foraging solitarily, moving slowly around and between stones and boulders and picking out aquatic invertebrates with its blood-red bill. Expertly camouflaged amongst the fast-moving rocky rivers and streams it prefers, this specialized wader is often difficult to see.

Ibisbill Bird - Key Facts, Information & Pictures - Animal Corner

The Ibisbill is a wading shorebird that breeds across southern Central Asia from Kazakhstan to North West China and south to North West India. There are no subspecies of Ibisbills. Use the information below to find out more about the Ibisbill’s characteristics, habitat, diet, …

Ibisbill | Wading Bird, Himalayan, Wetlands | Britannica

Ibisbill, (Ibidorhyncha struthersii), Asian bird named for its long, red, down-curved bill (similar to that of an ibis), which it uses to probe for food under stones along streams and ponds. Rather heavyset birds about 40 centimetres (16 inches) long, ibisbills have shorter legs than their familial.

Ibisbill - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio

The ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family Ibidorhynchidae. It is grey with a white belly, red legs and long down-curved bill, and a black face and black breast band.

Ibisbill - Ibidorhyncha struthersii - Birds of the World

Mar 4, 2020 · Unmistakable wader with long, decurved brown to (1 ) crimson bill (depending on age) (1 ) and contrasting plumage, principally grey-brown above with white underparts relieved by black breastband; distinctive head pattern, with black face and crown narrowly bordered white , and rest of head and neck blue-grey (1 ); legs greyish purple to red (1 ).

Ibidorhynchidae - Ibisbill - Birds of the World

Mar 4, 2020 · Few birds are as striking in both plumage and ability to camouflage as the Ibisbill. The bold lines on its breast and face can instantly blend into the landscape of river cobbles in which it lives.

Ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) - Bubo Birding

Sep 2, 2020 · Ibisbill is monotypic—the only member of its family (Ibidorhynchidae)—and thus a key target for birders. It is most closely related to oystercatchers and stilts. The peculiar red to bright crimson coloured beak with contrasting body plumage makes the Ibisbill an attractive bird to …

Ibisbill facts for kids - Kids encyclopedia

The ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family Ibidorhynchidae. It is grey with a white belly, red legs and long down-curved bill, and a black face and black breast band.

Ibisbill - Nature Travel Birding

Nov 26, 2018 · It is a bird related to the waders, and in the same order as sandpipers and plovers, but still sufficiently distinctive to merit its very own family Ibidorhynchidae. The species is named in honour of Dr Struthers of Glasgow who collected specimens of the …