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The Indian python (Python molurus) is a large python species native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is also known by the common names black-tailed python, Indian rock python, and Asian rock python. Although smaller than its close relative the Burmese python, it is still among the largest snakes in the world. It is generally lighter colored than the Burmese python and reaches usually 3 m (9 ft 10 in). Like all pythons, it is nonvenomous.
Description
The rock python's color pattern is whitish or yellowish with the blotched patterns varying from tan to dark brown shades. This varies with terrain and habitat. Specimens from the hill forests of Western Ghats and Assam are darker, while those from the Deccan Plateau and Eastern Ghats are usually lighter. All pythons are non-venomous.
The nominate subspecies occurring in India typically grows to 3 m (9 ft 10 in). This value is supported by a 1990 study in Keoladeo National Park, where 25% of the python population was 2.7–3.3 m (8 ft 10 in – 10 ft 10 in) long. Two individuals even measured nearly 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in).
Because of confusion with the Burmese python, exaggerations, and stretched skins in the past, the maximum length of this subspecies is difficult to tell. The longest scientifically recorded specimen, collected in Pakistan, was 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in) long and weighed 52 kg (114 lb 10 oz). In Pakistan, Indian pythons commonly reach a length of 2.4–3.0 m (7 ft 10 in – 9 ft 10 in).
The Indian python differs from the Burmese python (Python bivittatus) in the following ways:
the presence of light "eyes" in the centers of spots located on the sides of the trunk
reddish or pinkish color of light stripes on the sides of the head
a diamond-shaped spot on the head blurred in the front part
usually lighter in color, dominated by brown, reddish-brown, yellowish-brown and grayish-brown tones
usually prefers a drier, more arid environment, unlike P. bivittatus, which inhabits moist, meadow environments
Distribution and habitat
The Indian python occurs in nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent south of the Himalayas, including southern Nepal and Bhutan, Sri Lanka, southeastern Pakistan, Bangladesh, and probably in northern Myanmar. It lives in a wide range of habitats, including grasslands, swamps, marshes, rocky foothills, woodlands, open forest, and river valleys. It needs a reliable source of water. It hides in abandoned mammal burrows, hollow trees, dense water reeds, and mangrove thickets.
Behavior
Lethargic and slow moving even in their native habitat, they exhibit timidity and rarely try to attack even when attacked. Locomotion is usually with the body moving in a straight line, by "walking on its ribs". They are excellent swimmers and are quite at home in water. They can be wholly submerged in water for many minutes if necessary, but usually prefer to remain near the bank.
= Feeding
=
Like all snakes, Indian pythons are strict carnivores and feed on mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians indiscriminately, but seem to prefer mammals. Roused to activity on sighting prey, the snake advances with a quivering tail and lunges with an open mouth. Live prey is constricted and killed. One or two coils are used to hold it in a tight grip. The prey, unable to breathe, succumbs and is subsequently swallowed head first. After a heavy meal, they are disinclined to move. If forced to, hard parts of the meal may tear through the body. Therefore, if disturbed, some specimens disgorge their meal to escape from potential predators. After a heavy meal, an individual may fast for weeks, the longest recorded duration being 2 years. The python can swallow prey bigger than its diameter because its jaw bones are not connected. Moreover, prey cannot escape from its mouth because of the arrangement of the teeth (which are reverse saw-like).
= Reproduction
=
Oviparous, up to 100 eggs are laid by a female, which she protects and incubates. Towards this end, they are capable of raising their body temperature above the ambient level through muscular contractions. The hatchlings are 45–60 cm (18–24 in) in length and grow quickly. An artificial incubation method using climate-controlled environmental chambers was developed in India for successfully raising hatchlings from abandoned or unattended eggs.
Conservation status
The Indian python is classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List due to a likely population decline of ~30% over the decade 2010–2020, caused by habitat loss, over-exploitation, and lack of conservation actions.
A genetic study published in 2017 showed that the Burmese pythons in Florida are hybrids with P. molurus.
Taxonomy
In the literature, one other subspecies may be encountered: P. m. pimbura Deraniyagala, 1945, which is found in Sri Lanka.
The Burmese python (P. bivittatus) was referred to as a subspecies of the Indian python until 2009, when it was elevated to full species status. The name Python molurus bivittatus is found in older literature.
In culture
Kaa, a large and old Indian python, is featured as one of Mowgli's mentors in Rudyard Kipling's 1894 collection The Jungle Book.
References
Further reading
External links
Python molurus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 13 September 2007.
Indian Python at Ecology Asia. Accessed 13 September 2007.
Indian python Archived 2012-05-04 at the Wayback Machine at Animal Pictures Archive. Accessed 13 September 2007.
Watch Indian rock python (Python molurus) video clips from the BBC archive on Wildlife Finder
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Indian python - Wikipedia
The Indian python (Python molurus) is a large python species native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. [3] It is also known by the common names black-tailed python, [4] Indian rock python, and Asian rock python.
Indian Python - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio
The Indian python (Python molurus) is a large, nonvenomous python species. It is known by the common names Black-tailed python, Indian rock python, and Asian rock python.
Indian Python – Facts, Size, Habitat, Pictures - The Snake Guide
Apr 25, 2024 · The Indian python is one of the longest snakes in the world. They are commonly known as Asian, black-tailed, and Indian rock pythons. Despite being smaller than the Burmese python, this python is still one of the world’s largest snakes.
Indian python Animal Facts - Python molurus - A-Z Animals
Aug 4, 2022 · Indian pythons are slow-moving, relatively docile, giant snakes. These snakes are native to the Indian subcontinent and several surrounding countries. They aren’t aggressive and can live to be 30 years old.
Indian Python Population Threats and Conservation Efforts
Jan 24, 2024 · The Indian python, a reptile native to the lush landscapes of the Indian subcontinent, is currently facing the threat of endangerment. The relentless encroachment of their natural habitats is a primary threat due to ever-expanding human settlements and …
Indian python - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help
The Indian python is a large, nonvenomous snake belonging to the python family, Pythonidae. It is also called the Indian rock python or black-tailed python. Its scientific name is (Python molurus). Pythons are constrictors, which means that they kill prey by squeezing it.
INDIAN PYTHONS: CHARACTERISTICS, BEHAVIOR AND …
Indian pythons (Python molurus) are also known as black-tailed pythons, Indian rock pythons, and Asian rock python. Native to tropical and subtropical areas of the Indian subcontinent, and a few places in Southeast Asia and China, they are among the largest snakes in world even though they are smaller than their very close relatives Burmese ...
Exploring the Indian Python: A Comprehensive Guide
Sep 14, 2023 · The Indian Python is a fascinating snake species that is native to the Indian subcontinent. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into various aspects of this majestic reptile, including its defining species and characteristics, natural habitat, lifespan and growth, role in the ecosystem, conservation status, and its cultural significance.
Indian python facts, distribution & population - BioDB
The Indian python, a captivating creature also known as the Indian rock python, is a native of India’s dense forests and lush marshes. This species is truly extraordinary, with adult lengths typically ranging from 10 to 16 feet (3 to 5 meters) and some exceptional individuals even stretching up to 20 feet!
Interesting Facts about Indian Pythons - Animal Sake
The Indian Python which is also known as ‘Python Molurus Molurus’ (scientific name), is an endangered species found in the southern region of Asia. It is known as the ‘Indian Python’ because it is found extensively in India in the regions of western Ghat, Assam and Myanmar.
