- International Chemical Identifier
- Metilparaben
- N-Butanol
- Kalsium klorida
- Etanol
- Asam fosfat
- Asam klorida
- Metanol
- Triamsinolon
- Aluminium sulfat
- International Chemical Identifier
- Identifier
- Ichi
- Chemical substance
- Chemical nomenclature
- Chemical formula
- Chemical file format
- Tautomer
- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Journal of Cheminformatics
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IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) merupakan suatu identifier tekstual untuk bahan kimia, didesain sebagai standar dan cara pembacaan manusia untuk pengkodean informasi molekuler dan untuk membantu riset informasi tersebut dalam database dan web. Awalnya dikembangkan oleh IUPAC dan NIST selama tahun 2000–2005, format dan algoritmenya non-proprietary.
Perkembangan selanjutnya standar ini telah didukung sejak tahun 2010 oleh yayasan nirlaba InChI Trust, di mana IUPAC adalah salah satu anggotanya. Versi terakhir adalah 1.04 yang dirilis pada bulan September 2011.
Format dan lapisan
Setiap InChI dimulai dengan suatu string "InChI=" diikuti oleh nomor versi, saat ini "1". Ini diikuti oleh huruf "S" untuk "standard InChI". Informasi selebihnya disusun dalam struktur urutan lapisan (layer) dan sub-lapisan (sub-layer), di mana setiap lapisan memberikan satu jenis informasi tertentu. Lapisan-lapisan dan sub-lapisannya dipisahkan oleh delimiter "/" dan diawali dengan suatu huruf awalan khas (kecuali sub-lapisan rumus kimia dari lapisan utama). Enam lapisan dengan sub-lapisan penting adalah:
Lapisan utama (Main layer)
Rumus kimia (tanpa awalan). Ini satu-satunya sub-layer yang harus ada pada setiap InChI.
Hubungan atom (awalan: "c" untuk "connection"). Atom-atom dalam rumus kimia (kecuali hidrogen) diberi nomor urut; sublayer ini memaparkan atom mana yang dihubungkan dengan ikatan-ikatan ke atom yang lain.
Atom Hidrogen (awalan: "h"). Memaparkan berapa atom hidrogen yang dihubungkan dengan masing-masing atom lain.
Lapisan muatan
sublayer proton (awalan: "p" untuk "proton")
sublayer muatan ("charge"; awalan: "q")
Lapisan stereokimia
ikatan ganda dan cumulene (awalan: "b")
tetrahedral stereochemistry atom-atom dan alena/allene (awalan: "t", "m")
jenis informasi stereokimia (awalan: "s")
Isotopic layer (awalan: "i", "h", juga "b", "t", "m", "s" untuk stereokimia isotop)
Fixed-H layer (awalan: "f"); contains some or all of the above types of layers except atom connections; may end with "o" sublayer; never included in standard InChI
Reconnected layer (awalan: "r"); contains the whole InChI of a structure with reconnected metal atoms; never included in standard InChI
Format awalan-delimiter mempunyai keuntungan yaitu memudahkan pengguna memakai pencarian wildcard dalam menemukan identifier yang cocok hanya pada lapisan-lapisan tertentu.
Contoh
Pengadopsian
InChI telah diadopsi oleh banyak database besar dan kecil, termasuk ChemSpider dan PubChem. Namun, pengambilan ini tidak secara langsung, dan banyak database menunjukkan diskrepansi antara struktur kimia dan InChI yang dimuat, sehingga merupakan masalah bagi pengkaitan database.
Dokumentasi dan presentasi
InChI Trust site
IUPAC InChI site
Unofficial InChI FAQ Diarsipkan 2012-03-06 di Wayback Machine.
335 KBPDF
[1]
Description of the canonicalization algorithm
Googling for InChIs a presentation to the W3C.
The Semantic Chemical Web: GoogleInChI and other Mashups Diarsipkan 2012-03-27 di Wayback Machine., Google Tech Talk by Peter Murray-Rust, 13 Sept 2006
IUPAC InChI Diarsipkan 2011-11-25 di Wayback Machine., Google Tech Talk by Steve Heller and Steve Stein, 2 November 2006
InChI Release 1.02 Diarsipkan 2010-03-30 di Wayback Machine. InChI final version 1.02 and explanation of Standard InChI, January 2009
Software dan servis
NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver Generates and resolves InChI/InChIKeys and many other chemical identifiers
ChemSpider InChI resolver
Search Google for molecules Diarsipkan 2006-01-17 di Wayback Machine. (generates InChI from interactive chemical and searches Google for any pages with embedded InChIs). Requires Javascript enabled on browser
ChemSketch Diarsipkan 2006-10-18 di Wayback Machine., free chemical structure drawing package that includes input and output in InCHI format
PubChem online molecule editor that supports SMILES/SMARTS and InChI
ChemSpider Services that allows generation of InChI and conversion of InChI to structure (also SMILES and generation of other properties)
MarvinSketch Diarsipkan 2007-04-04 di Wayback Machine. from ChemAxon, implementation to draw structures (or open other file formats) and output to InChI file format
BKchem Diarsipkan 2007-06-09 di Wayback Machine. implements its own InChI parser and uses the IUPAC implementation to generate InChI strings
CompoundSearch implements an InChI and InChI Key search of spectral libraries
JNI-InChI Java library that wraps the InChI library
the Chemistry Development Kit uses JNI-InChI to generate InChIs, can convert InChIs into structures, and generate tautomers based on the InChI algorithms
Bioclipse generates InChI and InChIKeys for drawn structures or opened files
Referensi
Pranala luar
Lihat pula
Molecular Query Language
Simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES)
Molecule editor
SYBYL Line Notation
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
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International Chemical Identifier - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
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Chemical Identifier - a Hugging Face Space by syngent
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International chemical identifier goes online | News | Chemistry World
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The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | Principles of ...
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(PDF) The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier
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(PDF) The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier
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(PDF) The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier
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(PDF) The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier