isisaurus

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      Isisaurus (named after the Indian Statistical Institute) is a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation of India and Pab Formation of Pakistan. The genus contains a single species, Isisaurus colberti.


      Discovery and Naming



      The type specimen of Isisaurus colberti, ISI R 335/1-65, was originally described and named as Titanosaurus colberti by Sohan Lal Jain and Saswati Bandyopadhyay in 1997. The specific name honours Edwin Harris Colbert. In 2003, the fossils were designated as belonging to its own genus by Wilson and Upchurch. The generic name, "Isisaurus," combines a reference to the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) with the Greek "saurus," meaning "lizard." It had a short, vertically directed neck and long forelimbs, making it considerably different from other sauropods. The humerus is 148 centimetres long.
      The site locality is Dongargaon Hill, which is in a Maastrichtian crevasse splay claystone in the Lameta Formation of India. Dongargaon Hill (20.212318N,79.090709E) is located near Warora, in Chandrapur District, Maharashtra.
      A braincase referrable to the species is known from the Pab Formation of Pakistan, which is equivalent in age to the Lameta Formation.
      Isisaurus is known from better remains than many other titanosaurs that were known at the time of its description. Much of its postcranial skeleton is known. The skeletal material found by Jain and Bandyopadhyay between 1984 and 1986 was "in associated and mostly articulated condition." The holotype includes cervical, dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, scapula, coracoid, left forelimb and other bones. No skull, hindlimb, or foot bones are known. Since the original description of Isisaurus, unrelated titanosaur fossils belonging to more complete individuals have been discovered elsewhere.


      Description



      Isisaurus was a medium-sized sauropod, with some estimates of its body length up to 18 metres (59 ft) long and weighing 15 metric tons (17 short tons). The angle between the occipital bone and occipital condyle in Isisaurus and the fellow Indian titanosaur Jainosaurus is different. In the specimen from Dongargaon it is equal to 120°. In that matter, the cranium of Isisaurus resembles the skulls of Diplodocus and Apatosaurus (genera belonging to the Diplodocidae), but the bone modifications are different.


      Classification


      While Isisaurus has consistently been considered to be a titanosaurian sauropod, its exact placement within this clade and its relationships with other titanosaurs has been controversial and problematic. Most analyses have recovered it with close affinities to taxa such as Rapetosaurus or the Saltasauridae. Various alternative positions suggested in that past are displayed in the following cladograms:
      Isisaurus was placed within Opisthocoelicaudiinae by Curry-Rogers in 2005.

      The cladogram below follows Zaher et al. (2011).

      In 2017, Isisaurus was recovered as the sister taxon to Tapuiasaurus.

      In 2021, Isisaurus was placed as the sister taxon to Arackar. The cladogram from Rubilar-Rogers et al. (2021) is shown below:


      Palaeobiology


      Fungus in coprolites believed to have been voided by Isisaurus indicate that it ate leaves from several species of tree, since these fungi are known to be pathogens which infect tree leaves.


      Paleoecology



      Isisaurus lived in the area belonging nowadays to India during the Maastrichtian age of the Cretaceous period. Its remains are the most complete among the Cretaceous dinosaurs known from that region. Khosla et al. (2003) listed the following Indian sauropods:

      Titanosaurus indicus
      T. blanfordi
      T. rahiolensis
      Jainosaurus septentrionalis.
      Wilson et al. (2009) listed only two Indian titanosaurs, Isisaurus and its distant relative, Jainosaurus. Isisaurus and Jainosaurus lived sympatrically in the area of middle and western India. Isisaurus fossils have also been reported from western Pakistan.
      Other dinosaurs, including the abelisaurs Indosuchus, Rahiolisaurus, and Rajasaurus, also existed in the Lameta Formation.


      References

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: isisaurus

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    isisaurus

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    Isisaurus - Wikipedia

    Isisaurus (named after the Indian Statistical Institute) is a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation of India and Pab Formation of Pakistan. The genus contains a single species, Isisaurus colberti.

    Isisaurus | Description, Size, Fossil, Diet, & Facts

    Feb 15, 2023 · Isisaurus is a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period, that lived 71-65 million years ago

    Isisaurus - Dinosaur Dictionary

    Dec 18, 2023 · Isisaurus was a medium-sized sauropod, measuring up to 18 meters long and weighing 15 metric tons. It had a short neck and long forelimbs, and its body was supported by four sturdy legs. The most notable feature of Isisaurus was its long tongue, which was similar to that of modern-day giraffes.

    Isisaurus - Natural History Museum

    This dinosaur is the one most similar to modern-day giraffes. Fungus has been found in its poo! Explore Isisaurus, a plant-eating sauropod dinosaur in the Dino Directory.

    Isisaurus - Prehistoric Wildlife

    Dec 19, 2015 · Isisaurus was a moderately size titanosaur that roamed India during the late Cretaceous period.‭ ‬Fungal analysis of coprolites attributed to Isisaurus has revealed that Isisaurus probably fed upon a variety of different trees.‭ ‬This would confirm that Isisaurus was a‭ ‬high browser.‭ ‬Isisaurus would have shared its ...

    Isisaurus - Prehistoric Planet Wiki

    Isisaurus (Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) Lizard) is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Lameta Formation, India, as well as the Pab Formation, Balochistan, west Pakistan, 70 - 66 million years ago, during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous Period.

    Isisaurus | Dinopedia | Fandom

    Isisaurus is a member of the sauropod family. It was a herbivore. It was named after the Indian Statistical Institute. It could grow to be as long as 69 ft and is related to Titanosaurus, but with various advancements. It has a long, thick neck and is found in India.

    Isisaurus - Animal Information

    Isisaurus, a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur, lived during the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 70 million years ago. This massive herbivorous creature roamed the earth with its unique lifestyle and distinct characteristics.

    Isisaurus - UnexpectedDinoLesson

    May 4, 2023 · Originally known as Titanosaurus, Isisaurus is a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of India and Pakistan. Its name was changed in honor of the Indian Statistical Institute, after the defining traits of the genus Titanosaurus became obsolete as more species were discovered.

    Your Friends The Titanosaurs, part 13: Isisaurus, Jainosaurus, …

    Jun 23, 2019 · Isisaurus colberti is the easy one to deal with. It's got the only unquestionably associated material and it was first described in the 1990s, so it doesn't have an interminable paper trail behind it.