isobutylene

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      Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene) is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula (CH3)2C=CH2. It is a four-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the four isomers of butylene. It is a colorless flammable gas, and is of considerable industrial value.


      Production


      Polymer and chemical grade isobutylene is typically obtained by dehydrating tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) or catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane (Catofin or similar processes). Gasoline additives methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), respectively, are produced by reacting methanol or ethanol with isobutylene contained in butene streams from olefin steam crackers or refineries, or with isobutylene from dehydrated TBA. Isobutylene is not isolated from the olefin or refinery butene stream before the reaction, as separating the ethers from the remaining butenes is simpler. Isobutylene can also be produced in high purities by "back-cracking" MTBE or ETBE at high temperatures and then separating the isobutylene by distillation from methanol.
      Isobutylene is a byproduct in the ethenolysis of diisobutene to prepare neohexene:

      (CH3)3C-CH=C(CH3)2 + CH2=CH2 → (CH3)3C-CH=CH2 + (CH3)2C=CH2


      Uses


      Isobutylene is used in the production of a variety of products. It is alkylated with butane to produce isooctane or dimerized to diisobutylene (DIB) and then hydrogenated to make isooctane, a fuel additive. Isobutylene is also used in the production of methacrolein. Polymerization of isobutylene produces butyl rubber (polyisobutylene or PIB). Antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are produced by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of phenols with isobutylene.
      tert-Butylamine is produced commercially by amination of isobutylene using zeolite catalysts:

      NH3 + CH2=C(CH3)2 → H2NC(CH3)3
      Applications are found in the calibration of photoionization detectors.


      Safety


      Isobutylene is a highly flammable gas.


      See also


      Butyl rubber
      Polythene
      Polybutene
      Perfluoroisobutene


      References




      External links


      International Chemical Safety Card 1027
      SIDS Initial Assessment Report for Isobutylene from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

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    Isobutylene - Wikipedia

    Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene) is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula (CH 3) 2 C=CH 2. It is a four-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the four isomers of butylene . It is a colorless …

    Isobutylene | C4H8 | CID 8255 - PubChem

    Isobutylene | C4H8 | CID 8255 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, …

    ISOBUTYLENE | CAMEO Chemicals - NOAA

    Isobutylene is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor. For transportation it may be stenched. It is shipped as a liquefied gas under its own vapor pressure.

    Isobutylene - American Chemical Society

    Dec 19, 2022 · Isobutylene, formally 2-methylpropene, is a hydrocarbon gas originally obtained from oil refinery streams. In US patent 2,424,186 (1947), John W. Packie and Walter H. Rupp …

    Isobutylene | 115-11-7 - ChemicalBook

    Jan 27, 2025 · Isobutylene is an easily liquefied gas that primarily used to produce diisobutylene, trimers, butyl rubber, and other polymers. It is also used to produce antioxidants for foods, …

    What is Isobutylene? (with pictures) - AllTheScience

    May 21, 2024 · Isobutylene is a chemical compound that usually is used in the production of high octane fuel and in the preparation of organic compounds. The chemical structure is C 4 H 8 . …

    Isobutylene - chemeurope.com

    Isobutylene is a hydrocarbon of significant industrial importance. It is a four-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the the four isomers of butylene. At standard temperature and pressure …

    Isobutylene | chemical compound | Britannica

    Other articles where isobutylene is discussed: butene: cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, and isobutylene. All four butenes are gases at room temperature and pressure.

    Isobutylene - Safety Data Sheet - ChemicalBook

    Feb 1, 2025 · Material Safety Data Sheet or SDS for Isobutylene 115-11-7 from chemicalbook for download or viewing in the browser

    Isobutylene - Wikiwand

    Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene) is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula (CH 3) 2 C=CH 2. It is a four-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the four isomers of butylene . It is a colorless …