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      John Matthew Shippen Jr. (December 2, 1879 – May 20, 1968) was an American golfer who competed in several of the early U.S. Opens. Born in Washington, D.C., he was the son of a former slave and Presbyterian minister, John Shippen Sr. and Eliza Spotswood Shippen, and is believed to be the first American-born golf professional.
      Shippen, was of African American and Native American descent. At the age of 16, Shippen earned an assistant professional post at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club where he began giving lessons to some of the club members and became an accomplished player in his own right. Shippen's best finishes came at the 1896 U.S. Open held at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club in Southampton, New York, and the 1902 U.S. Open held at Garden City Golf Club in Garden City, New York, where he tied for fifth place at both.


      Early life


      When he was nine his father was sent to serve as minister on the Shinnecock Indian Reservation—close to Shinnecock Hills—one of America's earliest golf clubs. John Jr. worked as a caddie at the course and was taught to play by the club's Scottish professional, Willie Dunn Jr.


      1896 U.S. Open


      The Shinnecock Hills course was chosen to host the second U.S. Open in 1896. Shippen played superb golf, finishing in fifth place. Prior to the start of the tournament, some club members had been so impressed with Shippen's talent for the game that they decided to pay his entry fee for the tournament, along with that of his close friend, Oscar Bunn, a Shinnecock Indian.
      When the professional entrants for the competition found out a racial controversy had begun, they threatened to boycott the event, but they backed down after USGA president Theodore Havemeyer stated that the tournament would proceed even if only Shippen and Dunn took part. Shippen was paired with Charles B. Macdonald, winner of the first U.S. Amateur in 1895. He was tied for second place after the first of the two rounds, and remained in contention until he drove his ball onto a sandy road at the 13th hole and scored an eleven. If he had made par on that hole, he would have made a playoff for the championship, but he still finished in a tie for fifth and won $10 as the fourth-placed non-amateur. Scottish-born James Foulis won the $150 first prize.


      Golf career


      Shippen played in five more U.S. Opens, and his best finish was a tie for fifth in 1902. He made his career in golf and served as professional at several clubs, the last of which was Shady Rest Golf and Country Club in New Jersey, where he worked from 1932 until the club was acceded to the township of Scotch Plains in 1964. As a professional, Shippen made and sold his own clubs which bore a stamp reading "J. M. Shippen".
      No other African-American played in the Open until Ted Rhodes took part in 1948.


      Posthumous PGA of America membership


      In 2009, the PGA of America granted posthumous membership to Shippen, Rhodes, and Bill Spiller who were denied the opportunity to become PGA members during their professional careers. The PGA also granted posthumous honorary membership to boxer Joe Louis.


      Legacy and death



      He died on May 20, 1968, at a nursing home in Newark, New Jersey. He is buried at the Rosedale Cemetery in Linden, New Jersey.
      When the U.S. Open was played at Shinnecock Hills in 1986, Shippen was remembered during the ABC television broadcast. For many members of the former Shady Rest club, it was the first time they had learned of his accomplishments. The John Shippen Museum is located in the clubhouse of the Shady Rest Golf and Country Club in Scotch Plains. The John Shippen National Invitational Golf Tournament for Black Golfers was established by Intersport in 2021.


      Results in major championships



      Note: Shippen played only in the U.S. Open Championship.
      "T" indicates a tie for a place
      ? = Unknown
      Yellow background for top-10


      References




      External links


      Media related to John Shippen at Wikimedia Commons
      John Shippen at Find a Grave
      Vanhouten, Matt (February 21, 2011). "John Matthew Shippen, Jr. (1879–1968)". BlackPast.org.

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    John Shippen - Wikipedia

    John Matthew Shippen Jr. (December 2, 1879 – May 20, 1968) was an American golfer who competed in several of the early U.S. Opens. Born in Washington, D.C., he was the son of a former slave and Presbyterian minister, John Shippen Sr. and Eliza Spotswood Shippen, [2] and is believed to be the first American-born golf professional. [3]

    thejohnshippen

    The John Shippen event is named in honor of John Shippen, Jr., the first American-born golf professional and the first Black golf professional. John Shippen, Jr., the original trailblazer for Blacks in golf, played in five U.S. Opens from 1896-1913.

    Remembering John Shippen, the diminutive pro who was a giant

    Feb 16, 2021 · John Shippen, the first African-American golf professional to compete in the U.S. Open, is one of those silent heroes. Though we lived almost a century apart, I have a lot in common with...

    About John Shippen — thejohnshippen

    THE LEGACY OF JOHN SHIPPEN, JR. The First American-Born Golf Professional AND the First Black Golf Professional. John Matthew Shippen, Jr. (1879-1968) was born on December 5, 1879. His father, born into slavery in Virginia, became a free man following the Civil War.

    Home | John Shippen Memorial Golf Foundation - Honoring an …

    Explore the legacy of John Shippen, an African American golf pioneer, through the John Shippen Memorial Golf Foundation. Discover our initiatives, historical achievements, and efforts to support minority youth in golf.

    John Shippen: A Golfing Pioneer - USGA

    Feb 10, 2016 · John Shippen became the first African-American to play in a U.S. Open in 1896, and would compete in the championship six times. (USGA Archives)

    John Matthew Shippen, Jr. (1879-1968) - Blackpast

    Feb 21, 2011 · John Matthew Shippen, Jr. was the first African American professional golfer and known as one of America’s golf pioneers. Shippen achieved this distinction when he competed in the US Open in 1896. John Shippen was born on December 5, 1879 in Long Island, New York to Eliza and John Shippen, Sr., the fourth of nine children.

    The John Shippen — thejohnshippen

    The John Shippen event is named in honor of John Shippen, Jr., the first American-born golf professional and the first Black golf professional. John Shippen, Jr., the original trailblazer for Blacks in golf, played in five U.S. Opens from 1896-1913.

    New Jersey’s John Shippen – the First American-Born Golf …

    Feb 7, 2024 · A sixteen-year-old Black golfer, John M. Shippen, finished tied for sixth in that 1896 U.S. Open, coming within just seven shots of being the first American-born U.S. Open champion and possibly changing the course of American golf.

    John Matthew Shippen, Jr. The first American-born, African …

    John Matthew Shippen, Jr. (1879-1968) was born on December 12, 1879 in Washington, DC. Shippen was the fourth of nine children of John, Sr., and Eliza Spotswood Shippen. His father, a Presbyterian minister, held a degree in theology from Howard University.