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Kathiawar ([kɑʈʰijɑʋɑɽ]) is a peninsula, near the far north of India's west coast, of about 61,000 km2 (23,500 sq mi) bordering the Arabian Sea. It is bounded by the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest and by the Gulf of Khambhat in the east. In the northeast, it is connected to the rest of Gujarat and borders on the low, fertile hinterland of Ahmedabad. It is crossed by two belts of hill country and is drained radially by nine rivers which have little natural flow aside from in monsoon months, thus dams have been built on some of these. Kathiawar ports have been flourishing centres of trade and commerce since at least the 16th century.




Etymology and history


The name Kathiawad seems to have been derived from the early settlements of Kathikas or Kathis who entered Gujarat from Sindh in early centuries of the Common Era.




History






= Literary comment

=

The state of the region in the early nineteenth century is shown in Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poetical illustration, "Scene in Kattiawar", to an engraving of a painting by Clarkson Frederick Stanfield.




Districts in Kathiawad Region


Amreli
Bhavnagar
Botad
Junagadh
Gir Somnath
Devbhumi Dwarka
Jamnagar
Rajkot
Porbandar
Morbi
Surendranagar




Geography and ecosystem



The natural vegetation on most of the peninsula is xeric scrub. A range of low hills known as the Gir Hills occupies the south-central portion of the peninsula. The highest of these is Girnar. The hills are home to an enclave of tropical dry broadleaf forest.
Gir National Park and its surroundings host the last remaining Asiatic lion population. Other national parks in Kathiawar are Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar on the Gulf of Cambay, and Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch, near Jamnagar.




Antiquity (places: history, archaeology, nature, religion)



Dwarika
Somnath
Sasan Gir and interiors / Kathi territories in Amreli-Bhavnagar districts
Vallabhi
Junagadh
Shatrunjay Hills, Palitana
Sihor
Palitana
Virpur (Rajkot) and Gondal
Jamnagar & Marine National Park
Velavadar
Old cities of Gondal, Wadhvan, Morbi, Wankaner
Diu, India




Notable characters and figures






= Religion, pre-history, spirituality

=
Sudama – Krishna's friend and a character from Mahabharata
Baba Balak Nath – One of the legendary Naths and Chaurasi Siddhas
Neminath – One of the Siddhas and 22nd Jain Tirthankar
Narsinh Mehta (1414-1481) – Poet and saint
Dayanand Saraswati – Hindu religious scholar, reformer, and founder of the Arya Samaj
Jalaram Bapa – A mystic and saint
Shrimad Rajchandra – A prominent Jain philosopher
Morari Bapu – Preacher, teacher, thinker
Ramesh Bhai Ojha (Hindi: रमेश भाई ओझा) – Hindu spiritual leader and preacher of Vedanta Philosophy
Gangasati – Paanbai & Kahadsinhji Gohil mystic saints near samadhiyala
Kanji Swami – Jain scholar & Saint of Songadh, Also known as "Koh-i-Noor of Kathiawar"




= Society, ideology, politics, leadership

=
Mahatma Gandhi – pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India, and Father of Nation
Muhammad Ali Jinnah – lawyer, politician, statesman and the founder of Pakistan and Pakistani Father of the Nation
U. N. Dhebar – Freedom fighter during the Indian independence movement and President of the Indian National Congress
Virchand Gandhi – First Gujarati patriot from Mahuva to visit USA officially and participate in first World Religion Parliament, 1893
Fatima Jinnah – Mother of Pakistani Nation
Gangubai Kothewali – Social activist and prostitute




= Governance, nobility, reforms, politics

=
Nawab Sir Muhammad Mahabat Khan III – Babi of Junagadh state
Maharaja Sir Takhtsinhji Gohil of Bhavnagar – Reformist and progressive ruler who constructed the Bhavnagar State Railway
Maharaja Bhagvatsinhji of Gondal – A progressive and enlightened ruler, wrote Bhagavadgomandal
Maharaja Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji Jadeja of Jamnagar - India's first delegate at the League of Nations in 1920, then a UN represtative, Head of Korean War rehabilitation. Sheltered 500 Polish children in his state during WWII; The Good Maharaja
Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinjhji Gohil – Reformist, progressive and noble Maharaja of Bhavnagar
Balwantrai Mehta – Freedom fighter, social worker and pioneer of concept of Panchayati Raj
Jivraj Mehta – Politician, first Chief Minister of Gujarat, aa Surgeon.




= Art, literature, poetry, journalism, socialism

=
Jhaverchand Meghani – Litterateur, social reformer and freedom fighter
Kalaguru Ravishankar Raval – a painter, art teacher, art critic, journalist and essayist
Dalpatram – Poet of Gujarati literature
Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi – Author and poet
Sursinhji Takthasinhji Gohil – Known for poetry and Gujarati literature
Dula Bhaya Kag – Poet, social reformer and freedom fighter
Amrut Ghayal – Shayar of Gujarati Ghazal
Kavi Kant – Poet
Harilal Upadhyay – Author in the Gujarati language
Chunilal Madia – Author, playwright, poet, journalist, editor
Ghulam Mohammed Sheikh – Painter, writer, art critic
Rajendra Shukla – Poet
Ramesh Parekh – Poet
Ruswa Majhalumi- Imamuddin Murtaza Khan Babi, a Gujarati language poet and a royal of Pajod state.




= Sports, adventure

=
K. S. Ranjitsinhji – Maharaja of Nawanagar, cricketer
Kumar Shri Duleepsinhji – Cricketer
Vinoo Mankad – Cricketer
Ashok Mankad – Cricketer
Dilip Doshi – Cricketer
Karsan Ghavri – Cricketer
Ashok Patel – Cricketer
Dhiraj Parsana – Cricketer
Ajay Jadeja – Cricketer
Parthiv Patel – Cricketer
Ravindra Jadeja – Cricketer
Siddharth Trivedi – Cricketer
Cheteshwar Pujara – Cricketer
Jaydev Unadkat – Cricketer
Chetan Sakariya – Cricketer




= Cinema, entertainment, music, folklore

=
Mohammed Chhel – A magician and a Fakir (mystic)
Vijay Bhatt – Producer, director and screenwriter
Nanabhai Bhatt – Indian film director and producer; father of Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt
Dina Pathak – Actor, director of Gujarati theatre, activist
Asha Parekh – Actress, director, and producer
Shahabuddin Rathod – Humorist, writer, teacher
Parveen Babi – Bollywood actress
Dimple Kapadia – Bollywood actress
Manhar Udhas – One of the top Ghazalkars
Pankaj Udhas – Indian singer, Ghazal singer
Mehul Kumar – Director, producer
K. Lal – Indian magician
Alka Yagnik – Singer
Ben Kingsley – Actor (ancestral roots in Saurashtra)
Hemant Chauhan – Singer, Bhajanik
Neeraj Vora – Film director, dialogue writer, actor
Himesh Reshammiya – Music composer, singer, artist
Dilip Joshi – Cinema and television actor
Anjum Rajabali – Screenwriter, actor, producer
Anand Gandhi – Film director, screenwriter and entrepreneur
Chhel Vayeda – Art director and production designer
Pan Nalin – Film director, screenwriter and documentary maker
Sanjay Chhel – Film director, writer and lyricist




= Business, industry, innovation, entrepreneurship, philanthropy

=
Vishal Patel - hotelier, busiest man in America
Nanji Kalidas Mehta – Industrialist and philanthropist
Muljibhai Madhvani – Businessman, entrepreneur, industrialist and philanthropist
Nautamlal Bhagavanji Mehta – Freedom fighter, businessman
Dhirubhai Ambani – Indian business magnate and entrepreneur who founded Reliance Industries
Abdul Gaffar Billoo – Pakistani pediatric endocrinologist and philanthropist
Ahmed Dawood – Industrialist and philanthropist
Sam Pitroda – Inventor, entrepreneur and policymaker
Tulsi Tanti – Chairman and managing director of Suzlon Energy
Abdul Sattar Edhi – Founded Edhi Foundation helping poor and needy




= History and culture

=
Prince Vijaya – Exiled prince of Sihor colonising Sri Lanka
Ra Navghan – Historical character during Solanki period
Devayat Bodar - Historical warrior and savior of Ra Navghan
Kadu Makrani – Insurgent of the Indian rebellion of 1857
Mohkam Singh – one of the punj pyare of Sikh religion, was born in Dwarka




See also


Bhagavadgomandal
Gir Cattle or Gir Gaay
Kathiawari Horse Breed
Maurya Empire
Memons (Kathiawar)
Ranji Trophy
Railways in Kathiawar
Saurashtra Kingdom
Saurashtra language
State Bank of Saurashtra




References






External links


Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kathiawar" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 695–696.

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