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      Keelung ( kee-LUUNG; Chinese: 基隆; pinyin: Jīlóng; Hokkien: Ke-lâng), Chilung or Jilong ( jee-LUUNG; ), officially known as Keelung City, is a major port city in northeastern Taiwan. The city is part of the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area with neighboring New Taipei City and Taipei. Nicknamed the Rainy Port for its frequent rain and maritime role, the city is Taiwan's second largest seaport (after Kaohsiung), and was the world's 7th largest port in 1984.
      In 1626, the Spanish established Fort San Salvador at present-day Keelung, an area inhabited by Taiwanese indigenous peoples. Control of the area eventually passed to the Qing dynasty. Fighting between China and Europeans around Keelung occurred in the 19th century during the First Opium War and the Sino-French War. The island of Taiwan was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War; under Japanese rule the city was called Kirun. Keelung became part of Taiwan Province under the Republic of China after 1945. Administratively, the city became a first-level subdivision in 2018 after the provincial government was abolished.


      Name


      According to early Chinese accounts, this northern coastal area was originally called Pak-kang (Chinese: 北港; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pak-káng). By the early 20th century, the city was known to the Western world as Kelung, as well as the variants Kiloung, Kilang and Keelung. In his 1903 general history of Taiwan, US Consul to Formosa (1898–1904) James W. Davidson related that "Kelung" was among the few well-known names, thus warranting no alternate Japanese romanization.
      However, the Taiwanese people have long called the city Kelang (Chinese: 雞籠; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ke-lâng/Koe-lâng; lit. 'rooster cage', 'hencoop" or "chicken coop'). While it has been proposed that this name was derived from the local mountain that took the shape of a rooster cage, it is more likely that the name was derived from the first inhabitants of the region, as are the names of many other Taiwanese cities. In this case, the Ketagalan people were the first inhabitants, and early Han settlers probably approximated "Ketagalan" with Ke-lâng (Ketagalan: ke-, "domain marker prefix" + Taiwanese Hokkien Chinese: 儂 / 人; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng; lit. 'person'), the noun root being replaced with the common Taiwanese Hokkien term for people, while the domain marker circumfix "ke- -an" being reduced to just the prefix.
      In 1875, during the late Qing era, a new official name was given (Chinese: 基隆; pinyin: Jīlóng; lit. 'base prosperous'). In Mandarin, probably the working language of Chinese government at the time, both the old and new names were likely pronounced Gīlóng (hence "Keelung").
      Under Japanese rule (1895–1945), the city was also known to the west by the Japanese romanization Kīrun (also written as Kiirun).
      In Taiwanese Hokkien, the native language of the area, the city is called Ke-lâng. In Hanyu Pinyin, a system created for Mandarin Chinese in Mainland China, the name of Keelung is written as Jīlóng (the shift from initial K to J is a recent development in the Beijing dialect, see Old Mandarin).


      History




      = Early history

      =

      Keelung was first inhabited by the Ketagalan, a tribe of Taiwanese aborigine. The Spanish expedition to Formosa in the early 17th century was its first contact with the West; by 1624 the Spanish had built San Salvador de Quelung, a fort in Keelung serving as an outpost of the Manila-based Spanish East Indies. The Spanish ruled it as a part of Spanish Formosa. Besides the native Taiwanese aborigines, the Spanish authorities from Spanish Manila settled North Taiwan (especially Keelung and Tamsui) with a mixture of Sangley Chinese (primarily Fujianese traders), Christian Japanese, native Filipinos (e.g. Kapampangan, Tagalogs, etc.) as merchants and laborers, and some Mexican Mestizos, Mulattos, Blacks, Mexican Amerindians as soldiers and laborers and a few Spanish Filipinos from Spanish Philippines and rarely Mexican Criollo Spaniards from New Spain (Mexico) as Catholic friar missionaries and colonial leaders, with the Latin Americans from New Spain (Mexico) brought over to North Taiwan from Manila through the Manila-Acapulco Galleons. From 1642 to 1661 and 1663–1668, Keelung was under Dutch control. The Dutch East India Company took over the Spanish Fort San Salvador at Santissima Trinidad. They reduced its size and renamed it Fort Noort-Hollant. The Dutch had three more minor fortifications in Keelung and also a little school and a preacher.
      When Ming dynasty loyalist Koxinga successfully attacked the Dutch in southern Taiwan
      (Siege of Fort Zeelandia), the crew of the Keelung forts fled to the Dutch trading post in Japan. The Dutch came back in 1663 and re-occupied and strengthened their earlier forts. However, trade with Qing China through Keelung was not what they hoped it would be and, in 1668, they left after getting harassed by aboriginals.


      = Qing dynasty

      =


      First Opium War



      During the First Opium War, the British merchant ship Nerbudda shipwrecked near the port of Keelung due to a typhoon in September 1841. Several months later, another British merchantman, the brig Ann, also shipwrecked near Keelung on March 1842. Hundreds of survivors from both ships were captured by Chinese authorities and transferred to Taiwan. Two senior Chinese officials, Dahonga and Yao Ying, filed a false report to the Daoguang Emperor, claiming to have beaten off a British attack against Keelung. In October 1841, the Royal Navy sloop HMS Nimrod sailed to Keelung to search for survivors of Nerbudda, but after they found out the Chinese sent them south for imprisonment, Nimrod bombarded the city's port, destroying 27 cannon before returning to British Hong Kong. Most of the survivors—over 130 from the Nerbudda and 54 from the Ann—were summarily executed by the Chinese in August 1842.
      In 1863, the Qing Empire opened up Keelung as a trading port and the city enjoyed rapid development due to the abundant commodities such as placer gold and high quality coal found in the drainage area of Keelung River. In 1875, Taipeh Prefecture was created and included Keelung. In 1878, Keelung was formed into a ting or sub-prefecture. Around the same time, the name was changed from Ke-lang (雞籠廳) to Kilong (基隆廳), which means "rich and prosperous land".
      The city suffered serious damage and lost hundreds of inhabitants during an earthquake and tsunami in 1867. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.0 and was caused by movement on a nearby fault.


      Sino-French War



      During the Sino-French War (1884–85), the French attempted an invasion of Taiwan during the Keelung Campaign. Liu Mingchuan, who led the defence of Taiwan, recruited Aboriginals to serve alongside the Chinese soldiers in fighting against the French of Colonel Jacques Duchesne's Formosa Expeditionary Corps. The French were defeated at the Battle of Tamsui and the Qing forces pinned the French down at Keelung in an eight-month-long campaign before the French withdrew.


      = Empire of Japan

      =
      A systematic city development started during the Japanese Era, after the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki, which handed all Taiwan over to Japan. A five-phase construction of Keelung Harbor was initiated, and in by 1916 trade volume had exceeded even those of Tamsui and Kaohsiung Harbors to become one of the major commercial harbors of Taiwan.
      Keelung was governed as Kīrun town (基隆街), Kīrun District, Taihoku Prefecture in 1920 and was upgraded to a city in 1924. The Pacific War broke out in 1941, and Keelung became one of the first targets of Allied bombers and was nearly destroyed as a result.


      = Republic of China

      =
      After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in October 1945, Keelung was established as a provincial city of Taiwan Province. The Keelung City Government worked with the harbor bureau to rebuild the city and the harbor and by 1984, the harbor became the 7th largest container harbor in the world. The city became directly governed by the Executive Yuan after Taiwan Province was streamlined in 1998 and became a de facto first level division in 2018 following the dissolution of the Taiwan Provincial Government.


      Geography



      Keelung City is located in the northern part of Taiwan Island. It occupies an area of 132.76 km2 (51.26 sq mi) and is separated from its neighboring county by mountains in the east, west and south. The northern part of the city faces the ocean and is a great deep water harbor since early times. Keelung also administers the nearby Keelung Islet as well as the more distant and strategically important Pengjia Islet, Mianhua Islet and Huaping Islet.


      = Climate

      =
      Keelung has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with a yearly rainfall average upwards of 3,700 millimetres (146 in). It has long been noted as one of the wettest and gloomiest cities in the world; the effect is related to the Kuroshio Current. Although it is one of the coolest cities of Taiwan, winters are still short and warm, whilst summers are long, relatively dry and hot, temperatures can peek above 26 °C during a warm winter day, while it can dip below 27 °C during a rainy summer day, much like the rest of northern Taiwan. However its location on northern mountain slopes means that due to orographic lift, rainfall is heavier during fall and winter, the latter during which a northeasterly flow prevails. During summer, southwesterly winds dominate and thus there is a slight rain shadow effect. Fog is most serious during winter and spring, when relative humidity levels are also highest.


      Administration



      Zhongzheng District is the seat of Keelung City which houses the Keelung City Government and Keelung City Council. The current Mayor of Keelung is George Hsieh of the Kuomintang.


      = Administrative divisions

      =
      Keelung has seven (7) districts:


      = Politics

      =
      Keelung City voted one Democratic Progressive Party legislator Tsai Shih-Ying to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2016 Republic of China legislative election.


      Demographics




      = Population growth

      =


      = Festivals

      =
      One of the most popular festivals in Taiwan is the mid-summer Ghost Festival. The Keelung Ghost Festival is among the oldest in Taiwan, dating back to 1851 after bitter clashes between rival clans, which claimed many lives before mediators stepped in.


      = Regional origins

      =
      By 2021, there was a group of people who originated from the Matsu Islands.


      Economy


      Coal mining peaked in 1968. The city developed quickly and by 1984, the harbor was the 7th largest container harbor in the world.















      Education



      Education in Keelung City is governed by the Department of Education of Keelung City Government.


      = Universities and colleges

      =
      Keelung City houses several universities and colleges, such as the National Taiwan Ocean University, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health and Chungyu Institute of Technology.


      = High schools

      =
      National Keelung Maritime Vocational High School
      Keelung Fu Jen Sacred Heart Senior High School


      Energy



      Keelung City houses the only fully oil-fired power plant in Taiwan, the Hsieh-ho Power Plant, which is located in Zhongshan District. The installed capacity of the power plant is 2,000 MW.


      Tourist attractions




      = Ports

      =
      Badouzi Fishing Port
      Bisha Fishing Port
      Port of Keelung
      Zhengbin Fishing Port


      = Parks

      =
      Zhongzheng Park
      Heping Island Park


      = Cultural centers

      =
      Embrace Cultural and Creative Park
      Keelung Cultural Center
      Keelung City Indigenous Cultural Hall


      = Museums

      =
      National Museum of Marine Science and Technology


      = Historical structures

      =
      Baimiweng Fort, Dawulun Fort, Gongzi Liao Fort, Keelung Fort Commander's Official Residence, Nuannuan Ande Temple, Pengjia Lighthouse, Uhrshawan Battery and Xian Dong Yan.


      = Night markets

      =
      Keelung Miaokou Night Market


      Transportation




      = Rail

      =
      Taiwan Railways Administration: Keelung, Sankeng, Badu, Qidu, Baifu, Nuannuan
      Shen'ao line: Haikeguan, Badouzi


      = Water

      =
      Taiwan's second largest port, the Port of Keelung, is located in the city. The port serves destinations to Matsu Islands, Xiamen and Okinawa.


      International relations




      = Twin towns – Sister cities

      =
      Keelung is twinned with:

      Bacolod and Davao City, Philippines
      Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands
      Campbell, California, U.S.
      Corpus Christi, Texas, U.S.
      East London, South Africa
      Marrickville, New South Wales, Australia
      Miyakojima, Okinawa, Japan
      Rosemead, California, U.S.
      Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
      Sangju, North Gyeongsang, South Korea
      Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
      Yakima, Washington, U.S.


      Notable people



      Notable people from Keelung include:

      Chen Ti, Taiwanese tennis player
      Zero Chou, Taiwanese director
      Jiang Yi-huah, Premier of the Republic of China
      Show Lo, Taiwanese entertainer
      Danson Tang, Taiwanese Mandopop singer
      Yi Huan, Taiwanese comic creator/animator
      Feng-hsuing Hsu, American-Taiwanese computer scientist
      Hsie Zhen-Wu, Taiwanese TV presenter/lawyer
      Jaw Shaw-kong, Member of the Legislative Yuan


      See also



      Asteroid 237164 Keelung named for the city in 2018
      List of cities in the Republic of China (Taiwan)
      Administrative divisions of the Republic of China


      References




      External links



      Official website (in English)
      Keelung Harbor Bureau official website (in English)
      WorldStatesmen.org — Taiwan
      Geographic data related to Keelung at OpenStreetMap

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    Keelung - Wikipedia

    Keelung (/ k iː ˈ l ʊ ŋ / kee-LUUNG; [3] Chinese: 基隆; pinyin: Jīlóng; Hokkien: Ke-lâng), Chilung or Jilong (/ dʒ iː ˈ l ʊ ŋ / jee-LUUNG; [3]), officially known as Keelung City, is a major port city in northeastern Taiwan.

    A Travel Guide to Keelung, Taiwan’s Northern Port City

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    Things to do in Keelung 基隆 on a Taipei day trip

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    Jul 1, 2024 · Keelung is a picturesque port city in Northern Taiwan, famous for its Miaokou Night Market, hillside temples and waterside cityscape. From the colourful Zhengbin fishing port to its natural wonders like Heping Island Geopark and Yehliu Geopark, there are lots of things to do in Keelung – it is also less than 1 hour away from Taipei by train or bus.

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    The Best Things to do in Keelung, Taiwan - Hoponworld

    Feb 29, 2024 · Keelung (基隆) is a fascinating city full of ancient forts and temples, colorful photo spots, and beautiful scenery. Located at the northernmost tip of Taiwan, Keelung is one of the largest port cities on the island. The city has a long and interesting history dating back to …

    THE 15 BEST Things to Do in Keelung (2025) - Tripadvisor

    Things to Do in Keelung, Taiwan: See Tripadvisor's 5,827 traveler reviews and photos of Keelung tourist attractions. Find what to do today, this weekend, or in February. We have reviews of the best places to see in Keelung. Visit top-rated & must-see attractions.

    10 best things to do in Keelung - 雨都漫步 KeeLung For A Walk

    What is there to do in Keelung? A lot! Explore the top 10 of the most popular attractions as well as the hidden gems of this charming harbor city.

    The Ultimate Keelung Travel Guide - Taiwan Starts Here

    Keelung is known as being the “Port of Taipei,” and also as a famous foodie destination. In August, people from all around Taiwan come here for the annual ghost festival; Instagrammers flock to Keelung year round to snap selfies at colorful Zhengbin Fishing Harbor.

    Keelung – Travel guide at Wikivoyage

    Keelung, also spelled Chilung (基隆; Jīlóng), is a port city in the north of Taiwan, near the capital, Taipei. Keelung is divided into 7 administrative districts: Zhongzheng Also written as "Jhongjheng", this district is the city seat of Keelung City.