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Keiretsu (系列code: ja is deprecated , harfiah: sistem, seri, pengelompokan perusahaan, atau urutan suksesi) adalah suatu kelompok perusahaan dengan hubungan bisnis dan kepemilikan saham yang saling terkait. Keiretsu adalah salah satu jenis kelompok usaha, yang mulai muncul di Jepang setelah pasca Perang Dunia II.




Sejarahnya






= Era zaibatsu

=
Pasca perang, keiretsu dikenal dengan nama zaibatsu.
Zaibatsu (secara harafiah adalah klik dalam keuangan) adalah diversifikasi usaha keluarga pada era Meiji. Bermulai, sekitar tahun 1910, dengan struktur piramida dengan sejumlah kecil pemilik keluarga yang memperoleh kontrol atas segmen dalam perekonomian di Jepang.




Jenis keiretsu


Sebenarnya ada banyak cara untuk pengelompokkan keiretsu tetapi cara ada dua cara paling umum digunakan untuk pengelompokkan yang sudah mencakup keiretsu lainnya. Di Jepang, orang - orang biasa menyebutnya yoko (horizontal) dan tate (ta-tay, untuk vertikal). Keiretsu horizontal adalah sekelompok perusahaan sangat besar dengan menajalin suatu hubungan demi tercapainya sebuah bank yang kuat, melalui kepemilikan saham bersama, hubungan dagang, dan sebagainya. Sedangkan, keiretsu vertikal adalah kelompok yang terbentuk dari satu perusahaan yang sangat besar dan ratusan atau ribuan perusahaan kecil yang mengikuti perusahaan besar tersebut, contohnya yaitu Toyota. Vertikal keiretsu dibagi lagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu sangyo keiretsu (keiretsu produksi), ryutsu keiretsu (keiretsu distribusi), dan shihon keiretsu (keiretsu modal).
Berikut ini adalah enam buah keiretsu besar di Jepang pasca perang, meskipun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir pembagian di antara mereka telah mengabur:




Rujukan






Bacaan lanjutan


Masahiko Aoki and Hugh Patrick, The Japanese Main Bank System (1994)
Ronald Gilson and Mark Roe, "Understanding the Japanese Keiretsu," 102 Yale L.J. 871 (1993)
Yoshiro Miwa and Mark Ramseyer, "The Fable of the Keiretsu," 11 J. Econ. & Mgmt. Strategy 169 (2002)
Kenichi Miyashita & David Russell, "Keiretsu: inside the hidden Japanese conglomerates" McGraw-Hill (1995)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Keiretsu
• Jepang
• Mitsubishi
• Mitsui
• Kawasaki Heavy Industries
• SoftBank
• Nippon Yusen
• Mitsubishi Motors
• Sumitomo Group
• Zaibatsu
• Keiretsu
• Keiretsu Forum
• Sumitomo Group
• Zaibatsu
• Economy of Japan
• Toyota Group
• Mitsubishi
• Mitsui
• Conglomerate (company)
• Subsidiary

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Home | Keiretsu Forum

Jul 7, 2022 · Keiretsu Forum is a worldwide network of capital, resources and deal flow with 53 chapters on 4 continents. Keiretsu Forum members invest in high-quality, diverse investment opportunities. Keiretsu Forum and Keiretsu Capital (the exclusive worldwide fund partner of Keiretsu Forum) are ranked as the most active venture investors in the USA. The ...

About - Keiretsu Forum

Keiretsu Forum was founded in the San Francisco East Bay in California in 2000 by Randy Williams. Keiretsu Forum is a worldwide network of capital, resources and deal flow with 52 chapters on 3 continents. Keiretsu Forum members invest in …

Entrepreneurs - Keiretsu Forum

7. Keiretsu Capital. Keiretsu Capital has the investment objective of generating significant capital appreciation primarily through investment in high quality emerging companies that have been funded by the world’s largest angel investor network, …

Investors - Keiretsu Forum

Keiretsu Forum members are accredited investors as that term is defined in Regulation D under the 1933 Act and under other applicable securities laws and regulations. Complete the online investor application to start the membership application process. A Keiretsu Forum member is: An active private equity investor,

FAQ - Keiretsu Forum

Yes, Keiretsu Capital is the exclusive worldwide fund partner of Keiretsu Forum and manages angel co-investment, venture and real estate funds for its investors. These funds are a benefit of membership but are also open to non members investors. To learn more visit www.keiretsucapital.com.

Keiretsu Forum

Jul 7, 2022 · Keiretsu Forum is proud to announce Bangalore as the 37 th chapter in its global network, and the second chapter in India, following Chennai. Known as the Silicon Valley of India, Bangalore has a young culture, a very professional work ethic and a large pool of talent that has global experience and exposure, aspects that make Bengaluru, as the ...

Apply To Present - Keiretsu Forum

Keiretsu Forum members understand that searching for funding can be a daunting process to even the most experienced entrepreneur. We encourage entrepreneurs interested in presenting to Keiretsu Forum to attend a meeting first in order to have a better understanding of the Keiretsu Forum process.

Keiretsu Forum

Jul 7, 2022 · Keiretsu Forum Toronto aims to work with accredited investor members, entrepreneurs, government organizations, existing angel platforms, venture capital firms, universities, and the wider investment community to continuously address the various challenges and opportunities to build a more globally competitive platform for Canadian companies.

Keiretsu Forum

Jul 7, 2022 · The word "Keiretsu" stands for a strong collaborative group, the culture in which our forum thrives. Founded in 2000, Keiretsu Forum is the world’s largest angel investor network with over 2,500 accredited investor members throughout over 50 chapters on three continents.

Keiretsu Forum

Jul 7, 2022 · Keiretsu Forum is pleased to announce Mumbai as the 46 th chapter in its global network, and the third chapter in India, following Chennai and Bangalore. Mumbai is India’s largest city and the second most populous metropolitan area in India, with a …