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Labour battalions have been a form of alternative service or unfree labour in various countries in lieu of or resembling regular military service. In some cases they were the result of some kind of discriminative segregation of the population, while in some others they have been a conscious choice.
Political reasons
In some countries labour battalions were created from part of population which for various reasons were not suitable for regular military service, often because this population was considered "undesirable" or "unreliable", e.g., political enemies, population of occupied territories or "lower races".
Examples include labour battalions in the late Ottoman Empire and early Turkish Republic both during World War I and during World War II, labour service in Hungary during World War II, labour battalions established by Francoist Spain (estimated in 700 labour units overall, excluding the approximately 300 concentration camps) during the Spanish Civil War as a form of repression of political enemies that continued through the dictatorship, as well as labour battalions in other territories held by Nazi Germany and its allies (see also "Hiwi").
Alternative service
In some countries labour battalions are a form of civil conscription instead of military conscription for people who cannot join military service for various reasons, e.g., due to bad health or being conscientious objectors to any forms of violence, as long as they aren't considered unfit for other work.
In the British Army during the First World War, labour or pioneer battalions were initially formed in December 1914 from recruits with skilled trades or experience in manual labour, trained to fight as infantry but usually used to build trenches and carry out other manual labour. Early in 1916 these began to also include men not assessed as fit enough to fight to carry out a similar role and were sometimes also known as Infantry Works Battalions. Initially assigned to individual regiments, the existing Labour and Infantry Works battalions were grouped together in February 1917 to form the new Labour Corps.
Until the last days of the Soviet Union with obligatory military duty in the state, men deemed unfit to regular military duty but not unfit for other work, as well as many able-bodied ones, were assigned to construction battalions (стройбаты) of the Soviet Army. Similar armed forces branches existed in other Eastern European countries throughout the communist period between the end of World War II and the end of the 1980s. An interesting example are the Bulgarian Construction Troops (Строителни Войски), first established in 1920 to circumvent the limits on the size of the military imposed by the Treaty of Neuilly-Sur-Seine at the end of World War I. Over the years this branch became a blend of a corps of engineers and a means for some to fulfill the mandatory conscription in place during communism in the country.
See also
Bevin Boys in the United Kingdom from 1943 to 1948
Bausoldat in East Germany
Civil conscription
Civilian Conservation Corps as a public work relief program in the United States from 1933 to 1942
Hand and hitch-up services
Labour army
Labour camp
Reichsarbeitsdienst in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945
Workfare
References
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Labour battalion - Wikipedia
Labour battalions have been a form of alternative service or unfree labour in various countries in lieu of or resembling regular military service. In some cases they were the result of some kind of discriminative segregation of the population, while in some others they have been a …
Miami Recruiting Battalion
The Miami Recruiting Battalion recruits, enlists, and leads professional, volunteer Soldiers in the south Florida and Puerto Rico areas of operations in order to meet its mission...
Labour Battalions - West Indian History, Heritage and Culture
Learn about the Labour Battalions of the First World War and the vital role that they played in ensuring that the rest of the army could fight.
The Labour Battalions and the Labour Corps 1916-1919 - RootsWeb
The Labour Battalions and the Labour Corps 1916-1919 The need for labour during the First World War was one that tested military planners. The problem was partly overcome by the formation of Pioneer Battalions within some infantry regiments.
LABOUR CORPS UNITS - Soldiers and their units - Great War …
Jul 5, 2004 · The Labour Corps primarily comprised of men unfit for front line service who carried out labouring tasks. The fact a man was transferred to the Labour Corps meant that he was either injured or ill and no longer able to serve in a Pioneer Battalion.
The Labour Corps of 1917-1918 - The Long, Long Trail
Labour Battalions: the letters “LB” preceded by the number of their Battalion (e.g. “4LB”). (This instruction was soon cancelled by ACI 837 and all men would now wear just the “LC”.) The man would also need a new identity disc bearing his Labour Corps details.
Labour Corps Battalions - Soldiers and their units - Great War …
Jan 24, 2019 · Labour Battalions were the precursors of the Labour Corps which was formed on the 22 February 1917. However, as noted above and on the LLT the 12th Battalion Cheshire was not a Labour Battalion. The service record of William Carrick 110469 has survived but unfortunately adds to the confusion.
Labour Battalions of the Labour Corps - The Long, Long Trail
Labour Battalion number Formed from regiment Unit Men numbered from to; 1: King's (Liverpool Regiment) 23rd (Works) Battalion: 126841: 132640: 2: ... Battalion: 164141: 170140: Links. Labour Corps. My mission is to make the Long, Long Trail the best and most helpful reference site about the British Army in the Great War.
Labour battalion - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
Labour battalions have been a form of alternative service or unfree labor in various countries in lieu of or resembling regular military service. In some cases they were the result of some kind of discriminative segregation of the population, while in some others they have been a …
Royal Engineer Labour Battalions - REUbique
By the middle of 1916, two infantry and two Royal Engineer Labour Battalions were employed on road making, quarrying and forestry [1]. It was originally intended to form 16 battalions, but only 11 were actually formed, for work in France.
